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简介：Anexperimentalstudywascarriedouttoinvestigatetheinfluenceofdoubletwisted-tapeinserts(DTs)inmicro-fintubes(MFs)onheattransfer,frictionfactorandthermalperformancefactorcharacteristicsofthecompounddevicesinthefollowingconfigurations:(1)twistedtapesactedinthesamedirection(forco-swirl)whileMFandtwistedtapesactedinthesame(parallel)direction(MF-CoDTs:P),(2)twistedtapesactedinthesamedirection(forco-swirl)whilemicro-fintubeandtwistedtapesactedinoppositedirections(MF-CoDTs:O)and(3)twistedtapesactedinoppositedirectionsforcounterswirl(MF-CDTs).TheMFaloneandtheMFequippedwithasingletwistedtapeinparallel/oppositearrangementwerealsoconsideredforcomparison.TheexperimentswereconductedfortheflowswiththeReynoldsnumbersbetween5650and17000,underuniformheatfluxcondition.TheexperimentalresultsindicatethatMF-CDTsinducestrongerswirl/turbulenceflow,resultinginhigherheattransferrate,frictionfactorandthermalperformancefactorthanothercombineddevices.ThethermalperformancefactorsassociatedwiththeuseofMF-CDTswerefoundtobehigherthanthoseassociatedwiththeusesofMF-CoDTs:P,MF-CoDTs:OandMFaloneupto9.3%,6.5%and56.4%,respectively.TheempiricalcorrelationsdevelopedusingthepresentexperimentaldatafortheNusseltnumber,frictionfactorandthermalperformancefactorarealsoreported.

简介：Laser-induceddamageinfusedsilicaopticsgreatlyrestrictstheperformancesoflaserfacilities.Grayhazedamage,whichisalwaysinitiatedonceriapolishedoptics,isoneofthemostimportantdamagemorphologiesinfusedsilicaoptics.Inthispaper,thelaser-inducedgrayhazedamagesoffourfusedsilicasamplespolishedwithCeO_2,Al_2O_3,ZrO_2,andcolloidalsilicaslurriesareinvestigated.Foursamplesallpresentgrayhazedamageswithmuchdifferentdamagedensities.Then,thepolishing-inducedcontaminantandsubsurfacedamagesinfoursamplesareanalyzed.TheresultsrevealthatthegrayhazedamagescouldbeinitiatedonthesampleswithoutCecontaminantandareinclinedtoshowatightcorrelationwiththeshallowsubsurfacedamages.

简介：Naturalsurfaceswithsuperhydrophobicpropertiesoftenhavemicroorhierarchicalstructures.Inthispaper,thewettingbehavioursofasingledropletonbiomimeticmicrostructuredsurfaceswithdifferentroughnessparametersareinvestigated.Atheoreticalmodelisproposedtostudywettingtransitions.Theresultsoftheoreticalanalysisarecomparedwiththoseofexperimentindicatingthattheproposedmodelcaneffectivelypredictthewettingtransition.Furthermore,anumericalsimulationbasedonthemesoscaleLatticeBoltzmannMethod（LBM）isperformedtostudydynamiccontactangles,contactlines,andlocalvelocityfieldsforthecasethatadropletdisplaysonthemicrostructuredsurface.Asphericalwaterdropletwithrs=15μmfallsdowntoabiomimeticsquare-postpatternedsurfaceundertheforceofgravitywithaninitialvelocityof0.01m·s-1andaninitialverticaldistanceof20μmfromdropletcentretothetopofpots.Inspiteofahigherinitialvelocity,thedropletcanstillstayinaCassiestate;moreover,itreachesanequilibriumstateatt≈17.5ms,whencontactangleis153.16°whichisslightlylowerthanthepredictionofCassie-Baxter’sequationwhichgivesθCB=154.40°.

简介：Dopedmicro-crystallinesiliconfilmsaredepositedattemperaturesaslowas400℃bythecatalyticchemicalvapordepositionmethodusingasilaneandhydrogengasmixture.ElectricalpropertiessuchasthecarrierconcentrationandtheHallmobilityareinvestigatedforvariousmeasuringtemperatures.Itisfoundthatthegrainsofmicro-crystallinesiliconarepreferentiallyorientedalongthe(220)direction,andthattheHallmobilityislargerthan8cm^2·V^-1·s^-1,thecarrierconcentrationisabout1×10^17cm^-1-1×10^19cm^-3atroomtemperature.

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简介：Weinvestigatethedynamiccrystallizationprocessesofcolloidalphotoniccrystals,whicharepotentiallyinvaluableforsolvinganumberofexistingandemergingtechnicalproblemsinregardstocontrolledfabricationofcrystals,suchassizenormalization,stabilityimprovement,andaccelerationofsynthesis.Inthispaper,wereportsystematichigh-resolutionopticalobservationofthespontaneouscrystallizationofmonodispersepolystyrene(PS)micro-spheresinaqueoussolutionintoclose-packedarraysinastaticlineopticaltweezers.Theexperimentsdemonstratethatthecrystalstructureismainlyaffectedbytheminimumpotentialenergyofthesystem;however,thecrystallizationdynamicscouldbeaffectedbyvariousmechanical,physical,andgeometricfactors.Thecomplicateddynamictransformationprocessfrom1Dcrystallizationto2Dcrystallizationandthecreationandannihilationofdislocationsanddefectsviacrystalrelaxationareclearlyillustrated.Twomajorcrystalgrowthmodes,theepitaxygrowthpatternandtheinsertedgrowthpattern,havebeenidentifiedtoplayakeyroleinshapingthedynamicsofthe1Dand2Dcrystallizationprocess.Theseobservationsofferinvaluableinsightsforin-depthresearchaboutcolloidalcrystalcrystallization.

简介：在这篇论文，表演和传统的类型的声学的噪音，微多片扇子试验性地并且数字地被调查，到为居民情形优化扇子的说明。声学的噪音水平减少，但是效率随impeller的片数字的增加稍微败坏。而且，声学的噪音随在impeller插头和涡囊舌头之间的距离的增加减少，在随输入的增加和扇子效率的恶化伴随。

简介：U-shapedmicro-nanochannelscangeneratesignificantflowdisturbanceaswellaslocallyamplifiedelectricfield,whichgivesitselfpotentialtobemicrofluidicmixers,electrokineticpumps,andevencelllysisprocess.NumericalsimulationisutilizedinthisworktostudythehiddencharacteristicsoftheU-shapedmicro-nanochannelsystem,andtheeffectsofkeycontrollingparameters(theexternalvoltageandpressure)onthedeviceoutputmetrics(current,maximumvaluesofelectricfield,shearstressandflowvelocity)wereevaluated.Alargeportionofcurrentflowingthroughthewholesystemgoesthroughthenanochannels,ratherthanthemiddlepartofthemicrochannel,withitsvalueincreasinglinearlywiththeincreaseofvoltage.Duetothelocaliondepletionnearmicro-nanofluidicjunction,significantlyenhancedelectricfield(asmuchas15foldatV=1VandP0=0)aswellasstrongshearstress(leadingtoelectrokineticflow)isgenerated.Withincreasingexternalpressure,bothelectricfieldandshearstresscanbeincreasedinitially(duetoshorteningofdepletionregionlength),butaresuppressedeventuallyathigherpressureduetothedestructionofiondepletionlayer.Insightsgainedfromthisstudycouldbeusefulfordesigningnonlinearelectrokineticpumpsandothersystems.

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简介：Livercancer,primarilyhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),isamajorcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.HCCisasuitablemodelofinflammation-inducedcancerbecausemorethan90%ofHCCcasesarecausedbyliverdamageandchronicinflammation.Severalinflammatoryresponsepathways,suchasNF-κBandJAK/STAT3signalingpathways,playrolesinthecrosstalkbetweeninflammationandHCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areevolutionarilyconserved,shortendogenous,non-codingsingle-strandedRNAsthatareinvolvedinvariousbiologicalandpathologicalprocessesbyregulatinggeneexpressionandproteintranslation.EvidenceshowedthatmiRNAsplayapivotalroleinhepatitisvirusinfectionandserveaspromotersorinhibitorsofinflammatoryresponse.AberrantmiRNAwasobservedduringliverinflammationandHCC.ManydysregulatedmiRNAsmodulatetheinitiationandprogressionofinflammation-inducedHCC.ThisreviewsummarizestheroleandfunctionsofmiRNAsininflammation-associatedHCC,aswellasthedesignedtherapeuticstargetingmiRNAstotreatliverinflammationandHCC.

简介：目标结构的机械颤动将调制雷达backscattering的阶段函数，并且将从目标导致返回的信号的频率调整。它产生目标身体Doppler频率的乐队转移的一个方面，它对目标识别有用。基于这，micro-Doppler原子宝库为目标识别被造，并且四种普通分类器独立被使用执行分类识别。模拟试验性的结果证明这个方法让高识别超过90%评价。

简介：Thepropertyofsiliconmicro-capacitiveaccelerometerisanalyzedanddiscussedbyestablishingthemodelofthesensor,tolayabasisforoptimizationdesignofsensorsystemstructure.Discussedissuesincludethestaticmodelinganddynamicbehaviorofthetwocommnlyusedstructures,i.e.,double-cantileversupportedandfour-beamsupportedstructures,andalsothemeasurementrangeofthesedevices.

简介：Theload-bearingcapacitiesofduclilecompositematerialsandstructuresarestudiedbymeansofacombinedmicro/macromechanicsapproach.Firstly,onthemicroscopicscale,theaimistogetthemacroscopicstrengthdomainsbymeansofthehomogenizationtheoryofmicromechanics.Arepresentativevolumeelement(RVE)isselectedtoreflectthemicrostructuresofthecompositematerials.Byintroducingthehomogenizationtheoryintothekinematiclimittheoremofplasticlimitanalysis,anoptimizationformaltodirectlycalculatethelimitloadsoftheRVEisobtained.Andthemacroscopicyieldcriterioncanbedeter-minedaccordingtotherelationbetweenmacroscopicandmicroscopicfields.Secondly,onthemacroscopicscale,byintroducingtheHill’syieldcriterionintothekinematiclimittheorem,thelimitloadsoforthotropicstructuressuchasunidirectionalfiber-reinforcedcompositestructuresareworkedout.Thefiniteelementmodelingofthekinematiclimitanalysisisdeducedintoanonlinearmathematicalprogrammingwithequality-constraintconditionsthatcanbesolvedbymeansofadirectiterativealgorithm.Finally,someexamplesareillustratedtoshowtheapplicationofthepresentapproach.

简介：Asiliconeacrylatemicro-emulsionofmultipolymerwaspreparedbyseedemulsionpolymerization.Theeffectsofpolymerizationprocess,emulsifierrateandamount,initiatorrateandamount,polymerizationtemperature,functionalmonomers,titrationtimeonperformancesofemulsionhavebeendiscussedindetail.

简介：以便调查设计方法因为一台微离心的压缩机，它是一台极端微煤气的汽轮机的最重要的部件，有2-dimensional片的离心的impeller的二种类型被设计，生产并且测试。这些impellers与对方一起在南方的飞机上有中心的不同形状。而且，impeller的这些类型为5被成为次和期末考试的6次尺寸与4mm的外部直径指向离心的impeller以便为impellers估计类似。在impellers的表演特征之中的比较在表演和压缩机的类似上揭示了南方的配置的影响。

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简介：AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract accommodates an entire micro-environment for divergent physiologic processes, the dysbiosis of this micro-ecology has a strong inter-action with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the past few years, with the advances in the understanding of microbiome, its metabolites and further application of next generation sequencing, analysis of dynamic alteration of gut micro-environment was realized, which provides numerous information beyond simple microbiota structure or metabolites differences under chronic colitis status. The subsequent intervention strategies targeting the modulation of intestinal micro-environment have been explored as a potential therapy. In this review, we will summarize the recent knowledge about multi-dimensional dysbiosis, the inter-action between fungus and bacteria under inflamed mucosa, and the clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising therapeutic approach in IBD.