简介:Thecorneahasuniquefeaturesthatmakeitausefulmodelforregenerativemedicinestudies.Itisanavascular,transparent,denselyinnervatedtissueandanypathologicalchangescanbeeasilydetectedbyslitlampexamination.Cornealsensitivityisprovidedbytheophthalmicbranchofthetrigeminalnervethatelicitsprotectivereflexessuchasblinkingandtearingandexertstrophicsupportbyreleasingneuromediatorsandgrowthfactors.Cornealnervesareeasilyevaluatedforbothfunctionandmorphologyusingstandardinstrumentssuchascornealesthesiometerandinvivoconfocalmicroscope.Alllocalandsystemicconditionsthatareassociatedwithdamageofthetrigeminalnervecausethedevelopmentofneurotrophickeratitis,araredegenerativedisease.Neurotrophickeratitisischaracterizedbyimpairmentofcornealsensitivityassociatedwithdevelopmentofpersistentepithelialdefectsthatmayprogresstocornealulcer,meltingandperforation.Currentneurotrophickeratitistreatmentsaimatsupportingcornealhealingandpreventingprogressionofcornealdamage.Novelcompoundsabletostimulatecornealnerverecoveryareinadvanceddevelopmentstage.Amongthem,nervegrowthfactoreyedropsshowedtobesafeandeffectiveinstimulatingcornealhealingandimprovingcornealsensitivityinpatientswithneurotrophickeratitis.Neurotrophickeratitisrepresentsanusefulmodeltoevaluateinclinicalpracticenovelneuro-regenerativedrugs.
简介:BACKGROUND:ResearchfocusedonthequalityoflifeofepilepticpatientsbeganonlyveryrecentlyinChina;inparticular,mostresearchhasfocusedonchildren,butlessonepilepticadults.OBJECTIVE:Tosurveyandanalyze11influentialfactorsforqualityoflifeinadultswithepilepsybyusingqualityoflifeepilepsy-31scale.DESIGN:Cross-sectionalstudy.SETTING:DepartmentofNeurology,FirstHospitalAffiliatedtoJinanUniversity;DepartmentofNeurology,FirstAffiliatedHospitalofWenzhouMedicalCollege.PARTICIPANTS:Atotalof107adultswithepilepsyforlongerthanoneyearwereselectedfromDepartmentofNeurology,FirstHospitalAffiliatedtoJinanUniversitybetweenMarch2004andDecember2006.TheincludedpatientsmettheClassificationandDiagnosticCriteriaofEpilepticAttackpublishedbyInternationalAnti-EpilepsyLeaguein1981,andtheyprovidedinformedconsent.METHODS:Generalstates,includingcourse,attackfrequency,marriagestatus,educationallevel,occupationaltypes,economicstatus,attacktypes,drugtypes,anddrugamount,wererecorded.ThereweresevenaspectsintheQualityofLifeEpilepsy-31scale,includingattackworry,lifesatisfaction,emotion,vigor/tiredness,druginfluence,cognitivefunction,andsocialfunction.Thescorespositivelycorrelatedwiththequalityoflife.Possibleinfluentialfactorsforqualityoflifewereanalyzedbyone-wayANOVAandmultivariateregressionanalysis.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Course,attackfrequency,marriagestatus,educationallevel,occupationaltypes,economicstatus,attacktypes,drugtypes,drugamount,age,andsex.RESULTS:Atotalof107epilepticpatientswereincludedinthefinalanalysis.Influentialfactorsforqualityoflifeinepilepticadultsincludedattackfrequency,educationallevel,economicstatus,attacktypes,drugamount,age,andcourseofdisease(P<0.05).Amongthem,attackfrequencynegativelycorrelatedwithattackworry,lifesatisfaction,emotion,vigor/tiredness,cognitivefunc
简介:MolecularmechanismsoftheKru?ppel-likefamilyoftranscriptionfactors(KLFs)havebeenstudiedmoreinproliferatingcellsthaninpost-mitoticcellssuchasneurons.WerecentlyfoundthatKLFsregulateintrinsicaxongrowthabilityincentralnervoussystem(CNS)neuronsincludingretinalganglioncells,andhippocampalandcorticalneurons.Withatleast15of17KLFfamilymembersexpressedinneuronsandatleast5structurallyuniquesubfamilies,itisimportanttodeterminehowthiscomplexfamilyfunctionsinneuronstoregulatetheintricategeneticprogramsofaxongrowthandregeneration.BycharacterizingthemolecularmechanismsoftheKLFfamilyinthenervoussystem,includingbindingpartnersandgenetargets,andcomparingthemtodefinedmechanismsdefinedoutsidethenervoussystem,wemaybetterunderstandhowKLFsregulateneuritegrowthandaxonregeneration.
简介:ThedefiningneuropathologicalfeatureofParkinson’sdisease(PD)isthelossofnigrostriataldopaminergic(DA)projections.Thisresultsinabiochemicalreductionofstriataldopaminelevelsandmovementdisorders,suchasatremoratrest,rigidityofthelimbs,bradykinesia,andposturalinstability(Kimetal.,2011;Kimetal.,2012;BurkeandO’Malley,2013;Leemetal.,2014;Nametal.,2014).BecausetheetiologyofPDisnotfullyunderstood,itcannotguidethedevelopmentofknowledge-basedtargetedtherapeutics.
简介:Neurotrophicfactorscompriseessentialsecretedproteinsthathaveseveralfunctionsinneuralandnon-neuraltissues,mediatingthedevelopment,survivalandmaintenanceofperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Therefore,neurotrophicfactorissuehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedintothecontextofneurodegenerativediseases.Alzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseshowchangesintheregulationofspecificneurotrophicfactorsandtheirreceptors,whichappeartobecriticalforneuronaldegeneration.Indeed,neurotrophicfactorspreventcelldeathindegenerativeprocessesandcanenhancethegrowthandfunctionofaffectedneuronsinthesedisorders.Basedonrecentreports,thisreviewdiscussesthemainfindingsrelatedtotheneurotrophicfactorsupport–mainlybrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor–inthesurvival,proliferationandmaturationofaffectedneuronsinAlzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseaswellastheirputativeapplicationasnewtherapeuticapproachforthesediseasesmanagement.
简介:OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigatethefactorsassociatedwithsensoryandmotorrecoveryaftertherepairofupperlimbperipheralnerveinjuries.DATASOURCES:TheonlinePubMeddatabasewassearchedforEnglisharticlesdescribingoutcomesaftertherepairofmedian,ulnar,radial,anddigitalnerveinjuriesinhumanswithapublicationdatebetween1January1990and16February2011.STUDYSELECTION:Thefollowingtypesofarticlewereselected:(1)clinicaltrialsdescribingtherepairofmedian,ulnar,radial,anddigitalnerveinjuriespublishedinEnglish;and(2)studiesthatreportedsufficientpatientinformation,includingage,mechanismofinjury,nerveinjured,injurylocation,defectlength,repairtime,repairmethod,andrepairmaterials.SPSS13.0softwarewasusedtoperformunivariateandmultivariatelogisticregressionanalysesandtoinvestigatethepatientandinterventionfactorsassociatedwithoutcomes.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:SensoryfunctionwasassessedusingtheMackinnon-Dellonscaleandmotorfunctionwasassessedusingthemanualmuscletest.SatisfactorymotorrecoverywasdefinedasgradeM4orM5,andsatisfactorysensoryrecoverywasdefinedasgradeS3+orS4.RESULTS:Seventy-onearticleswereincludedinthisstudy.Univariateandmultivariatelogisticregressionanalysesshowedthatrepairtime,repairmaterials,andnerveinjuredwereindependentpredictorsofoutcomeaftertherepairofnerveinjuries(P<0.05),andthatthenerveinjuredwasthemainfactoraffectingtherateofgoodtoexcellentrecovery.CONCLUSION:Predictorsofoutcomeaftertherepairofperipheralnerveinjuriesincludeage,gender,repairtime,repairmaterials,nerveinjured,defectlength,anddurationoffollow-up.
简介:BACKGROUND:Exposuretolow-levelleadhasatoxiceffectonthedevelopmentofneonates,whichhasattractedwideattention.Colostrumleadlevelcanbeusedastheindicationofleadexposure.OBJECTIVE:Toobservetherelationshipofcolostrumleadlevelandtheneurobehavioraldevelopmentofinfants.DESIGN:Aprospectivecontrolobservation.SETTING:CenterforMaternalandChildHealth,ShanxiProvincialChildren'sHospital.PARTICIPANTS:Totally128neonatesoffull-termnormaldelivery,76maleand52female,fromShanxiProvincialMaternalandChildHealthCenterandJiexiuMaternalandChildHealthCenterwereinvolvedinthisstudy.Alltheinvolvedneonateshadnoperipartalischemic/hypoxichistoryorfetusintrauterinedevelopmentallag.Pregnantwomenhadnovariousacuteandchronicdiseasesinpregnancy,familyhistoryofneurologicaldiseaseoroccupationalleadexposure.128portionsofcolostrumsampleoffull-termnormaldeliverywerecollected.Informedconsentsofdetecteditemswereobtainedfromthepuerperantsandtheirrelatives.METHODS:①Experimentalgrouping:Leadlevelinthecolostrumwasdeterminedbyatomicabsorptionspectrometry.Accordingtoleadlevelinthecolostrum,theneonateswereclassifiedintotwoexposuregroupsofgreaterthanorequalto0.24μmol/Linahigh-levelleadgroupandlessthan0.24μmol/Linalow-levelleadgroup.②Experimentalevaluation:Mentaldevelopmentalindex(MDI)andpsychologicaldevelopmentalindex(PDI)of3-month-oldinfantswereevaluatedwithBayleyScalesofInfantDevelopment(BSID).TherelationshipsofMDI,PDIandcolostrumleadlevelwereperformedcorrelationregressionanalysis;Therelationshipofcolostrumleadlevelanddevelopmentwasperformedmulti-factoranalysiswithfamilyenvironmentandhealthquestionnaires.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:①EvaluationresultsofMDIandPDI.②Multi-factoranalysisresults.RESULTS:Totally128neonateswereinvolvedinthestudy.Tenandelevenneonateswerelostduetoemigra
简介:Icariin,themajoractivecomponentofChinesemedicinalherbepimediumbrevicornummaxim,isusedwidelyintraditionalChinesemedicineforthetreatmentofneurologicaldiseases.However,theeffectsoficariinonmyelininhibitoryfactorsareasyetunclear.Inthepresentstudy,administrationoficariinat20mg/kgshowedamarkedreductioninneurologicaldeficitofmiddlecerebralarteryocclusionrats.Icariinexhibitedbetterinhibitoryeffectsonmyelininhibitoryfactors:Nogo-A,myelin-associatedglycoproteinandoligodendrocytemyelinglycoproteininischemiaregionsofmiddlecerebralarteryocclusionratscomparedwithmonosialotetrahexosylganglioside.Theseresultsindicatethaticariinexhibitspotentinhibitoryeffectsonexpressionofmyelininhibitorsaftermiddlecerebralarteryocclusion-inducedfocalcerebralischemiainvivo.Thiseffectmaybemediated,atleastinpart,bytheinhibitionofbothNogo-A,myelin-associatedglycoproteinandoligodendrocytemyelinglycoproteinactivation,followedbytheenhancementofaxonalsproutingandregeneration,resultinginneurologicalfunctionalrecovery.
简介:Multiplesclerosis(MS)isachronicautoimmunediseaseofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS)characterizedbycoexistingprocessesofinflammation,demyelination,axonalneurodegeneration,andgliosis.Itisthemostcommondisablingneurologicaldiseaseinyoungadulthood.Althoughautoimmuneinflammationcontributestoaxonalpathology
简介:BACKGROUND:Intracerebralhemorrhage(ICH)andcoronaryheartdisease(CHD)havethesamepathologicalbase,atherosclerosis,andthesimilarriskfactors,suchassmoking,drinking,hypertension,hyperlipemia,diabetesmellitus,etc;butthedistributionsoftwodiseasesareverydifferentinthepopulations.Thismayberelatedtotheexposureofriskfactorsanddifferenteffectsofriskfactorsontwodiseases.OBJECTIVE:ToanalyzethedistributiondifferenceofriskfactorsforICHandCHDinthepopulationsofTongliaocityofNeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.DESIGN:Retrospectiveanalysis.SETTING:SchoolofRadiationMedicineandPublicHealth,SoochowUniversity;TongliaoHospital,NeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.PARTICIPANTS:Randomsamplingwasusedtoselect6hospitalsfrom10hospitalsaffiliatedtoTongliaoCityofNeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.Totally1672medicalrecordsofpatientswithICHand2195medicalrecordsofpatientswithCHDadmittedtoDepartmentofNeurologyandDepartmentofCardiovascularInternalMedicineofabove-mentioned6hospitalsbetweenJanuary2003andDecember2005werecollectedaccordingtotheinvestigationneed.METHODS:Thesubjects,whosemedicalrecordswereinvolved,wereperformedretrospectiveanalysiswithpre-preparedquestionnaire'StrokeandCoronaryHeartDiseaseEpidemiologicQuestionnaire'.Themaincontentsincluded:①Socialdemographycondition:Thedistributionsofgender,age,nationality,etc.②Previoushistoryofdisease:hypertension,diabetesmellitus,etc.③Relatedriskfactors:systolicbloodpressure,diastolicbloodpressure,totalcholesterol,triglyceride,high-densitylipoproteincholesterol,low-densitylipoproteincholesterol,smoking,drinkingandglucose(GLU).ThedatabaseofEpidatawastransformedtoSPSSdatabase.Single-andmultiple-factornon-conditionalLogisticregressionanalysiswereperformedonthedata,andORvalueand95%CIwerecalculated.Thedistributiondifferencesofriskfactorsfortwodiseaseswerecompared
简介:Thisstudyadaptedastatisticalprobabilisticanatomicalmapofthebrainforsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomographyimagesofdepressiveend-stagerenaldiseasepatients.Thisresearchaimedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweensymptomclusters,diseaseseverity,andcerebralbloodflow.Twenty-sevenpatients(16males,11females)withstages4and5end-stagerenaldiseasewereenrolled,alongwith25healthycontrols.Allpatientsunderwentdepressivemoodassessmentandbrainsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomography.Thestatisticalprobabilisticanatomicalmapimageswereusedtocalculatethebrainsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomographycounts.AsymmetricindexwasacquiredandPearsoncorrelationanalysiswasperformedtoanalyzethecorrelationbetweensymptomfactors,severity,andregionalcerebralbloodflow.ThedepressionfactorsoftheHamiltonDepressionRatingScaleshowedanegativecorrelationwithcerebralbloodflowintheleftamygdale.Theinsomniafactorshowednegativecorrelationswithcerebralbloodflowintheleftamygdala,rightsuperiorfrontalgyrus,rightmiddlefrontalgyrus,andleftmiddlefrontalgyrus.Theanxietyfactorshowedapositivecorrelationwithcerebralglucosemetabolisminthecerebellarvermisandanegativecorrelationwithcerebralglucosemetabolismintheleftglobuspallidus,rightinferiorfrontalgyrus,bothtemporalpoles,andleftparahippocampus.Theoveralldepressionseverity(totalscoresofHamiltonDepressionRatingScale)wasnegativelycorrelatedwiththestatisticalprobabilisticanatomicalmapresultsintheleftamygdalaandrightinferiorfrontalgyrus.Inconclusion,ourresultsdemonstratedthatthediseaseseverityandextentofcerebralbloodflowquantifiedbyaprobabilisticbrainatlaswasrelatedtovariousbrainareasintermsoftheoverallseverityandsymptomfactorsinend-stagerenaldiseasepatients.