简介：目的探讨低功率半导体激光治疗羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露的疗效.方法采用JAM-II型多功能半导体激光治疗仪(激光物质为GaA1As,激光波长650nm)对22例不同程度的义眼座暴露患者进行激光照射治疗,并将结果与既往采用药物及手术治疗的20例义眼座暴露患者比较.结果激光组22例全部愈合(100%);药物及手术组中轻、中、重度的愈合率分别为83.3%,63.6%和0.经采用X2检验之四格表精确检验法处理,2组间轻度患者的愈合率在统计学上差异无显著性意义(P=0.545),而2组间中度和重度患者的愈合率在统计学上差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论低功率半导体激光治疗羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露的疗效优于药物及手术方法.可用于预防及治疗羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露.

简介：放射治疗是许多头颈部肿瘤的有效治疗,随着放疗技术的改进,肿瘤得到较好的控制,头颈部肿瘤尤其是鼻咽癌放疗后的5年生存率明显提高.生存期的延长,生存质量越来越受到重视,本文就听觉系统的放射损伤与防治的有关文献进行综述.

简介：理论支配眼及附属器的三又神经感觉支分布在三个区域：眼区、上颌区和下颌区。支配眼及附属器的神经纤维主要在眼区，下睑除外。下睑由上颌区神经纤维支配。通过麻醉可以阻断感觉神经传导使痛觉消失。

简介：术中导航系统是鼻和颅底外科学中崛起的一项微创新技术。本文就术中导航系统的历史及其类型和意义作一综述。

简介：目的：探讨裂隙灯眼前段处理系统在眼科临床工作中的各种实际应用状况及操作技巧。方法：应用配置佳能PowerShotA720IS型数码照相机（1200万像素）SLM型裂隙灯显微镜检查眼部病变情况，并在裂隙灯下根据不同的病变位置，在不同色彩、角度下进行照相（放大倍率×10；×16；×20）。结果：采集不同种类疾病具有代表性照片：眼睑及结膜肿物、结膜裂伤、角膜炎、角膜异物、翼状胬肉、前房积血、前房角异物等如图示。结论：裂隙灯眼前段处理系统的应用为临床医疗文献提供直接定性依据，给患者了解自身病情带来便利，照片直观、经济，在眼科领域的临床应用具有广阔的前景。

简介：目的：研究泪小管炎的主要致病菌及药物敏感性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：选取西安市第一医院就诊的泪小管炎患者57例57眼,取泪小管分泌物行细菌培养及药敏试验;对泪小管内排出的硫磺颗粒碾开涂片以寻找放线菌。结果：泪小管炎患者57例57眼中,有56眼挤压泪小管见硫磺颗粒经泪点排出,取硫磺颗粒碾开涂片均见放线菌。57眼患眼取泪小管分泌物进行细菌培养,55眼为阳性,共培养出菌株63株,主要为表皮葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌和肺炎球菌,其他菌种少见。药物敏感性试验结果显示：利福平、头孢西丁、氯霉素、美洛西林等药物敏感性较高。结论：放线菌为泪小管炎的主要致病菌,且大部分存在于其他细菌的合并感染。利福平、头孢西丁、氯霉素、美洛西林等药物治疗泪小管炎敏感性高。

简介：白内障手术已从简单的复明手术发展成为更具挑战的屈光手术，手术需求者希望通过手术提高视力并摘掉眼镜，单焦点人工晶状体虽能解决患者视远问题却无法解决脱镜问题，由此老视矫正型人工晶状体应运而生。在双焦点人工晶状体的基础上，目前市场上新产生的几款老视矫正型人工晶状体成为了热门。本文将综述目前临床应用广泛的几款老视矫正型人工晶状体的设计原理及临床应用效果。

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatethesideeffectsofthecommonlyusedlasertreatmentalongwithtestingtheneuroprotectiveeffectofbFGFonapotentialretinalimpairment.METHODS:Todothis,30chinchillapigmentedadultmalerabbitsweredividedintothecontrolandexperimentalgroups.ThecontrolandexperimentalgroupsunderwentbothlaserapplicationandbFGFtreatment.Theretinaltissueimpairmentanditsrenewalrateweretestedunderthelightandelectronmicroscopicallevels.RESULTS:Thefocallaserapplicationonrabbiteyescausedmorphologicalalterationsbothintheapplicationregionandintheneighbouringareas.Inthedamagedareas,theouternuclearlayeroftheneuralretinawasalmostdisappeared,retinapigmentepitheliumwasinterrupted,theretinapigmentepitheliummigratedintraretinally,andthedamagedregionalongwithneighbouringareasseemedtobenotseparated.bFGFapplicationjustafterthelaserphotocoagulation,revealedbetterresultsinapplicationareas.CONCLUSION:ItcouldbesuggestedthatthebFGFapplicationfollowinglaserphotocoagulationmighthaveprotective,repairingandwoundhealingeffectsontheretina.

简介：上课是常规教学中一个很重要的环节,课堂教学的效率高低直接影响到教学质量的好坏。多媒体课件质量、多媒体与传统板书教学的融合以及多媒体教学方式好坏直接决定教学质量,笔者在对这一问题探讨和分析后,试图寻找出一套较为完整的适合于该课程的教学方式,提高学生学习兴趣,使学生掌握教学重点和难点,取得更好效果。

简介：板层角膜移植术常用于治疗角膜病变,可分为前板层角膜移植术、中间板层移植术和后板层角膜移植术.其中后板层角膜移植术是近年来发展较快的手术方式.板层角膜移植的供体也有多种类型,各有其特点,人工角膜和异种角膜的应用仍需要进一步的研究.

简介：Thekeratoprosthesis(KPro;artificialcornea)isaspecialrefractivedevicetoreplacehumancorneabyusingheterogeneousformingmaterialsfortheimplantationintothedamagedeyesinordertoobtainacertainvision.Themainproblemsofartificialcorneaarethebiocompatibilityandstabilityofthetissueparticularlyinpenetratingkeratoplasty.Thecurrentstudiesoftissue-engineeredscaffoldmaterialsthroughcomprisingcompositesofnaturalandsyntheticbiopolymerstogetherhavedevelopedanewwaytoartificialcornea.Althoughawideagreementthatthelong-termstabilityofthesedeviceswouldbegreatlyimprovedbythepresenceofcorneacells,modificationofkeratoprosthesistosupportcorneacellsremainselusive.Mostofthestudiesoncornealsubstratematerialsandsurfacemodificationofcompositeshavetriedtoimprovethegrowthandbiocompatibilityofcorneacellswhichcannotonlyreducethestimulusofheterogeneousmaterials,butalsomoreimportantlycontinuousandstablecorneacellscanpreventthedestructionofcollagenase.Thenecrosisofstromaandspontaneousextrusionofthedevice,allowformaintenanceofaprecornealtearlayer,andplaytheroleofensuringagoodopticalsurfaceandresistingbacterialinfection.Asaresult,improvementincornealcellshasbeenthemainaimofseveralrecentinvestigations;someefforthasfocusedonbiomaterialforitswellbiologicalpropertiessuchaspromotingthegrowthofcorneacells.Thepurposeofthisreviewistosummarythegrowthstatusofthecornealcellsaftertheimplantationofseveralartificialcorneas.

简介：视网膜脱离是严重的致盲性眼病之一，后段的玻璃体手术，术中需借助角膜接触镜/非接触镜才能观察眼底。现对不同的眼底观察系统在视网膜脱离手术的应用作一综述。

简介：医疗系统的前景是什么？作为眼科医疗工作者,我们不仅要治疗眼睛,我们更要治疗患者。同样,眼科医疗并非在真空中作业,而是从属于更宽泛的医疗保健系统。当我们的工作需要如此之多的人力之时,很可能让人忘记工作的大背景是什么。然而,

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.

简介：目的评价海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪黄斑区视网膜分析系统(macularedemamodule,MEM)的三个技术参数,了解其变异性及可重复性来判断其临床应用价值。方法对78例(78只眼)正常健康志愿者应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪黄斑区视网膜分析系统进行检查。分析扫描深度值(Z)、视网膜信号宽度值(W)、水肿指数值(E)三参数的均值及变异系数,并分析黄斑反射图、地形图、信号宽度图、水肿指数图的图像特征。结果黄斑中心0．5mm范围内视网膜扫描深度均值(Z)为1．4430848,变异系数55．6％。W值为795．27±193．53,变异系数17．6％。E值为1．13±0．35,变异系数27．8％。不同个体三参数差异有高度显著性(P<0．01),个体变异较大。不同时间段三参数测量差异无显著性(P>0．05)。结论MEM可对黄斑区视网膜厚度进行量化分析,个体变异较大,但重复性好,HRT-Ⅱ检查适合黄斑疾病的个体随诊观察。

简介：AIM:Tocharacterizetheclinicalfeatures,diagnosis,treatmentandprognosisofuveitisassociatedwithankylosingspondylitis(AS)inChinesepatients.·METHODS:TwohundredandthreepatientswithuveitisassociatedwithASfollowed-upintheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversityDapingHospitalbetween2005and2010wereretrospectivelyevaluatedinthisstudy.Completeophthalmologicalexaminationswereevaluatedatbaselineandduringthefollow-upperiod.Thegender,age,follow-uptime,meanfrequencyofuveitisonset,andaccompanyingeyeexaminationfindings,history,demographicalparameterswerereviewed.Allthepatientspresentedcompleteclinicalandradiologic(sacroiliac,lumbar,dorsalandcervicalspine,knee,ankle,shoulder,hip,elbow)evaluation.HLA-B27typingwasalsosearched.·RESULTS:Therewere203patientsdiagnosedwithASassociateduveitis.AllshowedsacroiliacX-raychangesindicativeofAS.Therewere184maleand19femalepatients.Theaverageageofpatientswas35±12(range18-50).Meanfollow-upperiodwas2.4years(1-5years).Acuteanterioruveitiswasthemostcommontypeofuveitisinbothgenders.121eyespresentedunilateralinvolvement(55.2%),and92eyespresentedbilateralinvolvement(45.3%)withonsetalternately.22eyesoccurredhypopyon,16eyeswerefoundanteriorvitreouscells,7eyeswerenotedreactivemacularedemaorexudation,29eyespresentedposteriorsynechiaeofiris,and14eyespresentedcataract,9eyespresentedsecondaryglaucoma,2eyespresentedbendcornealdegenerationand1eyespresentedatrophyofeyeball.Atthefinalvisit,uveitiswaswellcontrolledinmostpatients.·CONCLUSION:ASassociatedwithuveitisinChinesepatientsmainlymanifestsasacuteanterioruveitis.AcombinationofcorticosteroidswithothermydriasisagentsiseffectiveformostASassociatedwithuveitispatients.Ingeneral,theprognosisisgoodinthesecases.

简介：AIM:Todeterminethenormativevaluesofwhite-towhitecornealdiameterwithOrbscanIITopographySystemandtocomparerightandlefteyesdatainthenormalyoungpopulation.METHODS:Atotalof1001healthyparticipantsaged18-45yparticipatedinthisobservationalcross-sectionalstudy.Thestudypopulationconsistedof616femaleand385malesubjects.ThecornealdiameterwasmeasuredwiththeOrbscanII.Thedifferencesbetweengenders,betweenrightandlefteyesandage-relatedchangeswereevaluated.StatisticalanalyseswereperformedusingStudent’st-test.RESULTS:Theaveragewhite-to-whitedistanceinourstudypopulationwasrecordedas11.65±0.36mm(median:11.60mm,mode:11.70mm,minimum:10.50mmandmaximum:13.60mm).Thewhite-to-whitedistancewas11.60±0.35mminmalesand11.71±0.36mminfemaleswhichwasstatisticallydifferentbetweengenders(P<0.01).However,white-to-whitedistancewasnotstatisticallydifferentbetweenrightandlefteyes.Inaddition,thisparameterdecreasedwithincreasingage.Considering95%confidenceinterval,cornealdiameterlessthan10.93mmandgreaterthan12.34mmwouldbeconsideredasmicrocorneaandmegalocornea,respectivelybasedonthisstudypopulation,usingtheOrbscanIItopography.CONCLUSION:DetaileddescriptionandanalysisofcornealdiameterwithOrbscandemonstratethattheobtainedaveragevalueofhorizontalwhite-to-whiteishigherinmalethanfemaleanddecreasesslightlywithincreasingage.Ourdataalsosuggeststhecutoffvaluesfordefinitionofmicrocorneaandmegalocornea,whichcanbeemployedwiththispopulation.

简介：头颈鳞癌为头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤，近年来虽然手术联合辅助治疗取得了一定的进展，但是总体生存率并没有显著提高。研究表明，基质金属蛋白酶9不仅与头颈鳞癌的发生、发展、上皮-问充质转化及血管生成相关，而苴能通过多种方式促进肿瘤的侵袭与转移，是头颈鳞癌患者预后不良的主要因素。

简介：AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.

简介：目的：观察MoriaM2型90与110μm角膜刀制作角膜瓣在准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（laserinsitukeratomileusis,LASIK）的疗效和并发症,探讨MoriaM2型90刀头在LASIK中应用的有效性、安全性和优点。方法：选取通过术前检查并自愿行LASIK手术的患者105例202眼,按随机数字表分成两组,使用MoriaM2型90刀头LASIK患者51例98眼,110刀头LASIK患者54例104眼做对照,术后即使用光学相干断层扫描仪（OCT）检测两组角膜瓣厚度,观察两组术后1d;1wk;1,3mo裸眼视力、矫正视力和角膜瓣形态、对合情况、并发症。结果：90刀头组术后角膜瓣厚度为118.3±15.2μm,110刀头组术后角膜瓣厚度为130.5±17.1μm,有显著性差异。90刀头组均未发现层间点状金属碎屑,110刀头组有层间点状金属碎屑个例（12例）,有显著性差异。两组角膜瓣形态、对合情况、术后反应、术后裸眼视力相当。结论：应用90刀头LASIK的疗效及并发症和110刀头LASIK相当,但90刀头保留角膜基质床相对较厚,可矫治的屈光度更大,术后层间点状金属碎屑并发症更少,具有更好的安全性和更宽的适应范围。