简介:利用AmoCAD2000绘图软件的强大功能,能快速进行压铸模具的设计。软件能根据持停形状迅速生成模具的三维实体圉,而三堆实体图又能自动生成三视图.大大简化了人工设计与绘图等工作.彻底改变了传统的模具设计方法,成为现代先进的模具设计技术
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简介:ThermodynamicmodelsofcalculatingmassactionconcentrationsforstructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionsweredevelopedbasedontheionandmoleculecoexistencetheoryat298.15K.Atransformationcoefficientisneededtocomparethecalculatedmassactionconcentrationandthereportedactivitybecausetheyareobtainedatdifferentstandardstatesandconcentrationunits.TheresultsshowthatthetransformationcoefficientsbetweenthecalculatedmassactionconcentrationsandthereportedactivitiesofthesamestructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionschangeinaverynarrowrange.ThetransformedmassactionconcentrationsofstructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2Obinarysystemareingoodagreementwiththereportedactivities.ThetransformedmassactionconcentrationsofRbClandRbNO3inRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarysolutionarealsoingoodagreementwiththereportedactivities,aRbCland3RbNOa,withdifferenttotalionicstrengthsas0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0and3.5mol/kg,respectively.AllthoseresultsmeanthedevelopedthermodynamicmodelofstrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionscanreflectstructuralcharacteristicsofRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionsandthemassactionconcentrationalsostrictlyfollowsthemassactionlaw.
简介:采用化学平衡模拟软件GEMS预测了锌湿法冶金过程中涉及的锌在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O和Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中的溶解度,并构建了其含锌物种分布图和优势区图。采用平衡实验方法测定了相同条件下锌的溶解度,其结果与预测结果相吻合。含锌物种的分布图和优势区图表明,在弱碱性条件下,2个体系均为以锌氨和羟基锌氨配合物为溶液的主要物种,其中Zn(NH3)24-为主要优势物种;在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中,锌氨氯三元配合物的形成能有效增大锌在中性条件下的溶解度,在该体系中存在Zn(OH)2、Zn(OH)1.6Cl0.4和Zn(NH3)2Cl23种固相,固相产物的形成取决于体系中总锌、总氨和总氯浓度。这些热力学平衡图表明了体系中各种物种之间的相互影响作用,并预测了总氨和总氯浓度的变化对锌溶解度的影响,为锌湿法冶金提供了热力学数据。