简介：Purpose:Acuteexercisehasbeenlinkedtothefacilitationofexecutivefunction,butlittleisknownregardingexecutivefunctionassessedbytheWisconsinCardSortingTest(WCST).ThepresentresearchconsistedoftwoexperimentsaimedtodeterminewhetheracuteaerobicexerciseinfluencessuccessiveWCSTperformance.Methods:InStudy1,27youngadultswererandomlyassignedtotheexerciseorreadingcontrolgroupandtheninstructedtoperformtheWCSTbeforeandafterassignedtreatment.Inexercisegroup,participantscompletedasingleboutaerobicexercisewithmoderateintensityfor20minonastationarybike.AsimilarexperimentalprotocolwasreplicatedinStudy2with24latemiddle-agedadultstolookforagedifferencesduringadulthoodandcontrolforapotentialceilingeffectatyoungadultage.Results:Althoughasignificanttimeeffectwasobservedinyoungadults,bothstudiesrevealedthattherewasnomaineffectfortreatmentoraninteractionbetweentreatmentandtimeonanyoftheWCSTindices.Conclusion:AcuteaerobicexercisefailedtoinfluenceexecutivefunctionasassessedbytheWCST,revealingthatthisclassicalneuropsychologicaltesttappingexecutivefunctionmaynotbesensitivetoacuteexercise.Ourfindingssuggestthatacuteexercisedoesnotbroadlyaffecttheentirefamilyofexecutivefunctions,oritseffectonaspecificaspectofexecutivefunctionmaybetask-dependent,asproposedbyEtnierandChang(2009).

简介：Sincethe1960's,hundredsofarticleshavebeenpublishedontheeffectsofexerciseoncognitionandmorerecentlyonexecutivefunctions.Alargevarietyofeffectshavebeenobserved:acuteorlong-lasting,facilitatingordebilitating.Severaltheoreticalframeworkshavebeenproposedtoexplaintheseeffectswithplausiblemechanisms.However,asyetnoneofthesemodelshassucceededinunifyingalltheobservationsinasingleframeworkthatsubsumesalleffects.Theaimofthepresentreviewistorevisitthestrengthmodelofself-controlinitiatedbyBaumeisterandhiscolleaguesinthe1990'sinordertoextenditsassumptionstoexercisepsychology.Thismodelprovidesaheuristicframeworkthatcanexplainandpredicttheeffectsofacuteandchronicexerciseoneffortfultaskstappingself-regulationorexecutivefunctions.Areconsiderationofexerciseasaself-controltaskresultsfromthisperspective.Anewavenueforfutureresearchisdelineatedbesidesmoretraditionalapproaches.

简介：Despitethedevelopmentofnoninvasivetoolsasechocardiography,right-sidedheartcatheterizationremainsanintegralpartofthecardiovascularevaluation.Inthelastdecade,betterunderstandingofthehemodynamicprocessbeforeheartfailuredecompensationledtoimprovementofoutpatientstrategiestopreventit.Advancesinimplantablewirelesstechnologynowallowfrequentanddirectmeasurementofintracardiacfillingpressures,whichcanbemonitoredbyhealthcareproviderstohelptailortherapytoreducefillingpressuresandhospitalreadmissionrates.

简介：Heartfailure(HF)isacomplexclinicalsyndromethatresultsfromanystructuralorfunctionalimpairmentofventricularfillingorejectionofblood.HFisoneofthemostimportantandsevereendstagesofmanycardiovasculardiseases.EpidemiologicalstudiesofHFhavefocusedmainlyontheprevalence,incidence,mortality,fatality,anddistributionandtemporaltrendsoftheseindicatorsamongdifferentpopulations.ThisreviewhighlightsimportantepidemiologicalstudiesofHFinChina.

简介：Heartfailureposesanincreasingproblemforglobalhealthcaresystems.Theepidemiologicaldatawhichhavebeenaccruedoverthelast30yearshavepredominantlybeenaccumulatedfromexperiencewithinNorthAmericaandEurope.TheEuropeanexperienceinheartfailure,althoughsimilartothatinNorthAmerica,hasrecentlydemonstrateddifferencesinhospitalizationwhichmayunderliethedifferencesbetweenhealthcaresystemconfigurations.Despitethepredictedincreaseinthenumberofpatientsaffectedbyheartfailure,overthelast30yearsaclearmanagementalgorithmhasevolvedfortheuseofpharmacotherapies,device-basedtherapies,andmechanicaltherapies,includingleftventricularassistdevicesandcardiactransplantation.Althoughthetreatmentofsuchpatientshasbeenclearlydelineatedinnationalandinternationalguidelines,theunderuseofallavailableandappropriatetherapiesremainsasignificantproblem.ThepurposeofthisreviewistoprovideaEuropeanperspectiveonmanagementofheartfailure.

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简介：Reinstallationofmobilejack-uprigsnexttoexistingfootprintsisaproblematicoperationbecausethespudcanlocatednearthefootprintsissubjectedtoeccentricand/orinclinedloadingconditions.Geotechnicalcentrifugestudieshavemeasuredtheseloadsforcombinationsofchangingfootprintgeometry,footprintsoilpropertiesandtheoffsetofthereinstallationfromthefootprintcentre.Thesetestshavebeenoffullmodelspudcansinordertoaccuratelymeasurethecombinedloadsdeveloped.Theyhavenotprovidedinformationonthemechanismsoffailureoccurringduringthiscomplexinstallation.Observationsfromavisualisationtest,whereahalfspudcanispenetratedagainstatransparentwindowinageotechnicalcentrifuge,arereportedinthispaper.Themechanismsoffailureatdifferentstagesduringthepenetrationarepresented.

简介：StandardTherapyforHeartFailureUntilnowtheprincipalfocusofheartfailuretherapyhasbeenonthesympatheticnervoussystemandtherenin-angiotensinsystem.Betablockadecounterstheunwantedeffectsofcatecholaminesonthemyocardiumaswellasmoderatelyreducingafterload.Sinceangiotensinisavasoconstrictorandhassometoxiceffectonthemyocardium,bothcontributingtoheartfailure,inhibitionoftherenin–angiotensinsystemhasbeenlogicaltherapyforheartfailure.However,useofangiotensinconvertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitorsmayincreasebradykininlevels,whichareresponsibleforthecoughthatmaybeassociatedwiththeiruseaswellasangioedemathatmayresultfromthesamemedications.

简介：AIM:Tostudytheformationofintracellularglyceraldehyde-derivedadvancedglycationendproducts(Glycer-AGEs)inthepresenceofhighconcentrationsoffructose.METHODS:CellsofthehumanhepatocytecelllineHep3Bwereincubatedwithorwithoutfructoseforfivedays,andthecorrespondingcelllysateswereseparatedbytwo-dimensionalgradientsodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis.Glycer-AGEsweredetectedwiththeanti-Glycer-AGEsantibody.Furthermore,theidentificationoftheproteinsthataremodifiedbyglyceraldehydeinthepresenceofhighconcentrationsoffructosewasconductedusingmatrixassistedlaserdesorption/ionizationtime-of-flightmassspectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS).TheproteinandmRNAlevelsweredeterminedbyWesternblottingandrealtimereversetranscriptionPCR,respectively.RESULTS:Theresultsofthetwo-dimensionalgradientsodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresisindicatedagreateramountofGlycerAGEsinthesampleexposedtohighconcentrationsoffructosethaninthecontrol.ThedetectedGlycerAGEsshowedisoelectricpointsintherangeof8.0-9.0andmolecularweightsintherangeof60-80kDa.TheheterogeneousnuclearribonucleoproteinM(hnRNPM),whichplaysanimportantroleinregulatinggeneexpressionbyprocessingheterogeneousnuclearRNAstoformmaturemRNAs,wasidentifiedasamodifiedproteinusingMALDI-TOF-MS.Increasingtheconcentrationoffructoseinthemediuminducedaconcentration-dependentincreaseinthegeneratedGlycer-AGEs.Furthermore,inanexperimentusingglyceraldehyde,whichisaprecursorofGlycer-AGEs,hnRNPMwasfoundtobemoreeasilyglycatedthantheotherproteins.CONCLUSION:Theresultssuggestthatglyceraldehyde-modifiedhnRNPMaltersgeneexpression.Thischangemaycauseadverseeffectsinhepatocytesandmayserveasatargetfortherapeuticintervention.

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简介：Theeffectofacuteexercise,asingleboutofexercise,oncognitiveperformancehasattractedmuchattention.ThefirstnarrativereviewofthisliteraturewasconductedbyTomporowskiandEllis.1Intheirsummary,theauthorsconcludedthatacuteexercisefacilitatescognitiveperformance;however,theyemphasizedthatthestudiesatthattimewereatheoreticaland

简介：Hepaticencephalopathy(HE)isasevereneuropsychiatricsyndromethatmostcommonlyoccursindecompensatedlivercirrhosisandincorporatesaspectrumofmanifestationsthatrangesfrommildcognitiveimpairmenttocoma.AlthoughtheetiologyofHEisnotcompletelyunderstood,itisbelievedthatmultipleunderlyingmechanismsareinvolvedinthepathogenesisofHE,andoneofthemainfactorsisthoughttobeammonia;however,theammoniahypothesisinthepathogenesisofHEisincomplete.Recently,ithasbeenincreasinglydemonstratedthatinflammation,includingsystemicinflammation,neuroinflammationandendotoxemia,actsinconcertwithammoniainthepathogenesisofHEincirrhoticpatients.Meanwhile,agoodnumberofstudieshavefoundthatcurrenttherapiesforHE,suchaslactulose,rifaximin,probioticsandthemolecularadsorbentrecirculatingsystem,couldinhibitdifferenttypesofinflammation,therebyimprovingtheneuropsychiatricmanifestationsandpreventingtheprogressionofHEincirrhoticpatients.TheantiinflammatoryeffectsofthesecurrenttherapiesprovideanoveltherapeuticapproachforcirrhoticpatientswithHE.ThepurposeofthisreviewistodescribetheinflammatorymechanismsbehindtheetiologyofHEincirrhosisanddiscussthecurrenttherapiesthattargettheinflammatorypathogenesisofHE.

简介：Background:Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)isacommonchildhooddisorderthataffectsapproximately11%ofchildrenintheUnitedStates.Researchsupportsthatasinglesessionofexercisebenefitscognitiveperformancebychildren,andalimitednumberofstudieshavedemonstratedthattheseeffectscanalsoberealizedbychildrenwithADHD.ThepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminetheeffectofacuteexerciseoncognitiveperformancebychildrenwithandwithoutADHD.Methods:ChildrenwithandwithoutADHDwereaskedtoperformcognitivetaskson2daysfollowingtreatmentconditionsthatwereassignedinarandom,counterbalancedorder.Thetreatmentconditionsconsistedofa30-mincontrolconditionon1dayandamoderateintensityexerciseconditionontheotherday.Results:ExercisesignificantlybenefitedperformanceonallthreeconditionsoftheStroopTask,butdidnotsignificantlyaffectperformanceontheTowerofLondonortheTrailMakingTest.Conclusion:childrenwithandwithoutADHDrealizebenefitsinspeedofprocessingandinhibitorycontrolinresponsetoasessionofacuteexercise,butdonotexperiencebenefitsinplanningorsetshifting.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethediagnosticaccuracyofthemeanplateletvolumeandplateletdistributionwidthinacuteappendicitis.METHODS:Thisretrospective,case-controlledstudycompared295patientswithacuteappendicitis(Group?Ⅰ),100patientswithotherintra-abdominalinfections(GroupⅡ),and100healthyindividuals(GroupⅢ)betweenJanuary2012andJanuary2013.Theage,gender,andwhitebloodcellcount,neutrophilpercentage,meanplateletvolume,andplateletdistributionwidthvaluesfrombloodsampleswerecomparedamongthegroups.StatisticalanalyseswereperformedusingSPSSforWindows21.0software.Inaddition,thesensitivity,specificity,positiveandnegativepredictivevaluesandlikelihoodratios,anddiagnosticaccuracywerecalculated.RESULTS:Themeanagesofpatientswere29.9±12.0yearsforGroup?Ⅰ,31.5±14.0yearsforGroupⅡ,and30.4±13.0yearsforGroupⅢ.Demographicfeaturessuchasageandgenderwerenotsignificantlydifferentamongthegroups.Whitebloodcellcount,neutrophilpercentageandplateletdistributionwidthweresignificantlyhigherinGroup?Ⅰ?comparedtogroupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05).Diagnostically,thesensitivity,specificityanddiagnosticaccuracywere73.1%,94.0%,and78%forwhitebloodcellcount,70.0%,96.0%,and76.0%forneutrophilpercentage,29.5%,49.0%,and34.0%formeanplateletvolume,and97.1%,93.0%,and96.0%forplateletdistributionwidth,respectively.ThehighestdiagnosticaccuracydetectedwasforplateletdistributionwidthbetweenGroup?Ⅰ?andGroupⅢ(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Plateletdistributionwidthanalysiscanbeusedfordiagnosisofacuteappendicitiswithoutrequiringadditionaltests,thusreducingthecostandlossoftime.

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简介：Heartfailureisacomplexclinicalsyndromethatcanresultfromanystructuralorfunctionalcardiacdisorderthatimpairstheabilityoftheventricletofillwithorejectblood.Theechocardiogramisthesinglemostperformedandusefulstudyinthesepatients.Thisarticlereviewstheroleoftheechocardiogramintheevaluationoftheheartfailurepatient,withoutfocusingontheleftventricle.Thediscussionincludestheuseoftheechocardiogramintheassessmentoftherightventricleanddiastolicfunctionandindetectinghemodynamicandmorphologicchangesinheartfailureoveraperiodoftime.Inaddition,wehighlightsomeofthelimitationsofechocardiographyintheassessmentofthesepatients.

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简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherliversteatosisreductionduetoasix-monthdietaryinterventionresultsinsignificantchangesintheconcentrationsoffattyacids.METHODS:Agroupof35Caucasianindividualsdiagnosedwithdifferentlevelsofsteatosiswereprospectivelyenrolledinthepresentstudy.Analysisofthefattyacidprofileswasperformedaccordingtochangesinliversteatosis(liversteatosisreductionbyoneortwodegrees)afterasix-monthdietaryintervention.Thediethelpedreducebodymassinobeseandoverweightpatients,andstabilizebothglycemiaanddyslipidemia.FattyacidswereextractedaccordingtotheFolchmethodandanalyzedbygaschromatography.RESULTS:Thisstudyshowedsignificantchangesinfattyacidprofilesinpatientswhohadreducedliversteatosisbyoneaswellastwodegrees.Areductioninliversteatosisbyonedegreecausedasignificantincreaseinthelevelofthen-3family:eicosapentaenoicacid(P<0.055),docosapentaenoicacid-C22:5(P<0.05)anddocosahexaenoicacid(P<0.05).Areductioninliversteatosisbytwodegreescausedasignificantdecreaseinserumpalmitoleicacid-C16:1(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Liversteatosisreductionisassociatedwithchangesinfattyacidprofiles,andthesechangesmayreflectanalterationinfattyacidsynthesisandmetabolism.Thesefindingsmayhelpbetterunderstandregressionofnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease.

简介：Itisestimatedthatmorethanonemillionheartfailurehospitalizationsoccureachyear.Systolicheartfailureandheartfailurewithpreservedejectionfractioncontributeequallytoheartfailurehospitalizations.Heartfailurereadmissionratescontinuetobeabout25%.Strategiestoreduceheartfailurereadmissionarekeytoreducinghospitalizationrates.Thestrategiestoreduceheartfailurehospitalizationareasfollows:(1)Duringhospitalization,diuresistotheeuvolemicstateisessential.Fiftypercentofdischargedheartfailurepatientshaveminimalweightlossduringthehospitalization,representingminimaldiuresis,butstillfluidoverload.(2)Duringhospitalization,interrogatethedefibrillatororbiventricularpacemaker(ifapplicable)toensurethatthereisnorightventricularpacingandthereisappropriatebiventricularpacing.Interrogationofdevicescanidentifyarrhythmiaorsuboptimalbiventricularpacing,whichcancontributetodecompensation.(3)Beforedischarge,identifythereasonfordecompensation,suchasatrialfibrillation,infection,pulmonaryembolism,ornoncompliance.(4)Beforedischargeamultidisciplinaryteamisneededtoeducatethepatientondiet,medications,fluidweightsurveillance,andexercise.(5)Apostdischargevisitshouldoccurwithin10daysandwithemphasisonuptitrationofneurohormonalblockersandcontinuedcongestionmanagement.Suchinterventionsconductedbyamultidisciplinaryteamhavethepotentialtoreduceheartfailurehospitalizationrates.

简介：BackgroundPatientswithacutetypeAaorticdissectionhaveahighincidenceofpostoperativecerebralcomplication.Betterunderstandingoftheriskfactorscouldhelptooptimizepreventionandtreatmentstrategies.MethodAtotalof298patientsofacutetypeAaorticdissectionoperatedinGuangdongCardiacInstitutionfrom2010.10to2014.12wereincluded,253ofthemweremaleandtheother45werefemale.Theiraverageagewas45.8±12.2y.Allthepatientsweredividedintocerebralcomplicationandnocerebralcomplicationgroups.Datacollectedfrombothgroupswereanalyzedbyunivariateandmultivariateanalysestoidentifytheindependentriskfactorsofpostoperativecerebralcomplication.ResultTheincidenceofpostoperativecerebralcomplicationwas37.9%(113/298).Among113patients,temporarynervedamage(TND)groupandpermanentnervedamage(PND)accountedfor93cases(31.2%)and20cases(6.7%)respectively.LogisticRegressmultivariateanalysisshowedthathistoryofhypertension(OR=2.560,95%CI,1.397-4.692,P<0.01),totalarchreplacement(OR=2.315,95%CI,1.386-3.869,P<0.01),timeofaorticarrest(OR=1.008,95%CI,1.004-1.012,P<0.01)andpostoperativehypoxemia(OR=1.858,95%CI,1.122-3.078,P<0.05)weretheindependentriskfactorsofthepostoperativecerebralcomplicationinpatientswithacutetypeAaorticdissection.ConclusionIncidenceofpostoperativecerebralcomplicationishighintheacutetypeAaorticdissectionpatientsitsmajorriskfactorsarehypertensionhistory,totalarchreplacement,andlongdurationofaorticarrestorhypoxemia.