简介：摘要：目的：采用问卷调查的方式调查大学生在新冠疫情期体育锻炼情况，并探讨不同性别、居住地大学生体育锻炼情况的差异，进而探索大学生新冠疫情期体育锻炼行为的潜在影响因素。方法：采用电子问卷的方式，于2020年1月30日至2月1日对贵州某高校大学生进行电子问卷调查。结果：新冠疫情期大学生的体育锻炼行为中体育锻炼频率女生比男生少（

简介：摘要：目的：探究人参败毒散加减治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)作用机制。方法：选取2022年1月-2023年1月期间我院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者50例，作为本次的研究对象。按照数字表法将纳入对象随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各25例。对照组予以常规西药治疗；观察组加用人参败毒散加减。比照组间治疗效果、血气分析指标、不良反应的发生情况。结果：观察组的临床治疗有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗前，两组PaCO2、PaO2无显著差异（P＞0.05)；治疗后，观察组PaO2显著高于对照组，PaCO2显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中，采用人参败毒散加减治疗方案，应用临床效果显著，有助于改善患者多项临床指标，临床应用价值较高。

简介：AbstractAlthough significant achievements have shown that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resurgence in Beijing, China, was initiated by contaminated frozen products and transported via cold chain transportation, international travelers with asymptomatic symptoms or false-negative nucleic acid may have another possible transmission mode that spread the virus to Beijing. One of the key differences between these two assumptions was whether the virus actively replicated since, so far, no reports showed viruses could stop evolution in alive hosts. We studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences in this outbreak by a modified leaf-dating method with the Bayes factor. The numbers of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) found in SARS-CoV-2 sequences were significantly lower than those called from B.1.1 records collected at the matching time worldwide (P = 0.047). In addition, results of the leaf-dating method showed ages of viruses sampled from this outbreak were earlier than their recorded dates of collection (Bayes factors > 10), while control sequences (selected randomly with ten replicates) showed no differences in their collection dates (Bayes factors < 10). Our results which indicated that the re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing in June 2020 was caused by a virus that exhibited a lack of evolutionary changes compared to viruses collected at the corresponding time, provided evolutionary evidence to the contaminated imported frozen food should be responsible for the reappearance of COVID-19 cases in Beijing. The method developed here might also be helpful to provide the very first clues for potential sources of COVID-19 cases in the future.

简介：AbstractBackground:COVID-19 can lead to increased psychological symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among patients with COVID-19. Based on the previous mindfulness-based interventions proved to be effective, this protocol reports a design of a randomized controlled trial aiming to explore the efficacy and possible mechanism of a mindful living with challenge (MLWC) intervention developed for COVID-19 survivors in alleviating their psychological problems caused by both the disease and the pandemic.Methods:In April 2021, more than 1600 eligible participants from Hubei Province of China will be assigned 1:1 to an online MLWC intervention group or a waitlist control group. All participants will be asked to complete online questionnaires at baseline, post-program, and 3-month follow-up. The differences of mental health status (e.g. PTSD) and physical symptoms including fatigue and sleeplessness between the COVID-19 survivors who receiving the online MLWC intervention and the control group will be assessed. In addition, the possible mediators and moderators of the link between the MLWC intervention and target outcomes will be evaluated by related verified scales, such as the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Data will be analyzed based on an intention-to-treat approach, and SPSS software will be used to perform statistical analysis.Discussion:The efficacy and potential mechanism of MLWC intervention in improving the quality of life and psychological status of COVID-19 survivors in China are expected to be reported. Findings from this study will shed light on a novel and feasible model in improving the psychological well-being of people during such public health emergencies.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2000037524; Registered on August 29, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60034.

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简介：AbstractBackground:The incubation period is a crucial index of epidemiology in understanding the spread of the emerging Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to describe the incubation period of COVID-19 globally and in the mainland of China.Methods:The searched studies were published from December 1, 2019 to May 26, 2021 in CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Embase databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the mean incubation period. Meta-regression was used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Meanwhile, we collected 11 545 patients in the mainland of China outside Hubei from January 19, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The incubation period fitted with the Log-normal model by the coarseDataTools package.Results:A total of 3235 articles were searched, 53 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.0 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6-6.5) globally, 6.5 days (95% CI: 6.1-6.9) in the mainland of China, and 4.6 days (95% CI: 4.1-5.1) outside the mainland of China (P=0.006). The incubation period varied with age (P=0.005). Meanwhile, in 11 545 patients, the mean incubation period was 7.1 days (95% CI: 7.0-7.2), which was similar to the finding in our meta-analysis.Conclusions:For COVID-19, the mean incubation period was 6.0 days globally but near 7.0 days in the mainland of China, which will help identify the time of infection and make disease control decisions. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to the region- or age-specific incubation period.

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简介：摘要COVID-19相关性凝血病是COVID-19重症患者的主要临床表现和病理特征，也是患者的主要死亡原因之一。当前研究表明，COVID-19相关性凝血病的发生率较高，即使进行了预防性治疗，仍不可避免该病的发生。肺血管内凝血病可能是COVID-19中肺损伤机理的重要因素之一。COVID-19相关的凝血病的病理机制较为复杂，目前认为主要与内皮功能障碍、炎症级联反应、肾素-血管紧张素系统、缺氧、自身免疫紊乱、机体及治疗因素有关。关于COVID-19全身抗凝治疗策略已形成指南及专家共识。但从现有报道来看，关于COVID-19相关凝血病的病理机制研究尚未形成统一明确的认识，抗凝治疗指南也有待进一步完善，这些将成为下一步研究的重点。

简介：摘要随着COVID-19疫情在全球范围内暴发，中国的疫情防控将呈长期化趋势。放疗作为妇科恶性肿瘤的主要治疗手段，在做好疫情防控的同时合理应用，可使患者做到"防疫"、"抗瘤"两不误。本推荐将国内防疫指南、国外防疫及妇科肿瘤治疗文献，与北京协和医院前期疫情期间妇科肿瘤放疗实践相结合，从疫情期间妇科肿瘤放疗原则、临床试验、MDT及学术活动方面，为国内放疗科、妇科放疗组在COVID-19疫情期间的妇科恶性肿瘤放疗工作的开展提供指导建议。

简介：摘要目的探讨1例与新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)疑似患者密切接触的双胎妊娠孕产妇的临床分娩处理经过、诊断及结局。方法选择2020年2月19日，四川大学华西第二医院产科收治的1例孕龄为37＋2孕周的与疑似COVID-19患者密切接触的双胎妊娠孕妇为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法，对本例双胎妊娠孕妇的一般临床资料、流行病学资料，妊娠结局、COVID-19相关实验室与影像学检查结果进行分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。结果对本例受试者的临床分析如下。①一般临床资料：体外受精-胚胎移植双胎妊娠，无妊娠相关并发症，无发热、干咳等临床症状。②流行病学资料：丈夫为COVID-19疑似患者，与其共同居住、生活，未采取任何隔离、消毒等防护措施。③妊娠结局：对其按照COVID-19疑似患者防护标准进行管理，于37＋3孕周接受剖宫产术分娩2例出生体重分别为2 430 g和2 510 g新生儿。④COVID-19相关实验室与影像学检查结果：分娩后，立即进行胸部CT检查未见明显异常；鼻咽拭子、直肠拭子、羊水、胎膜标本严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)核酸检测均呈阴性。结论在SARS-CoV-2感染疫情暴发期，产科应制定严格的防护、隔离措施与应对策略，有效切断传染源，防止医务人员与非SARS-CoV-2感染孕产妇被交叉感染，而对COVID-19疑似患者做好防护、隔离管理，防止其被反复感染，同时对其妊娠、分娩及产后进行严格管理。

简介：摘要目的描述在贵阳地区发现的确诊新型冠状病毒感染肺炎(COVID-19)患者的流行病学和临床特点。方法采用回顾性病例分组研究分析2020年1月29日至2月17日贵州省人民医院隔离病房收治的18例COVID-19确诊患者为研究对象进行回顾性病例分析，其中男性9例，女性9例；年龄15 ～ 68岁，平均(43±16.4)岁。收集患者的一般资料和临床资料，分析其流行病学特点、一般情况、临床症状、实验室检查(血常规、血生化以及相关炎性指标)及CT影像学改变特点等；分析轻症与重症患者血清炎性指标之间的差别及与疾病临床分型的关系。结果(1)18例患者中，10例(55.6%)为家族聚集性发病；外省(非贵州省)返回人员8例(44.4%)，其中湖北返黔人员7例(87.5%)，台湾返黔人员1例(12.5%)。(2)患者的主要症状为发热[15例(83.3%)]、呼吸道症状{咳嗽、咳痰[15例(83.3%)]，胸闷、呼吸困难[3例(16.7%)]}，部分患者伴有腹泻[5例(27.8%)]及其他症状。(3)实验室检查结果以外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数正常或降低及淋巴细胞计数降低为主要特征，血沉[15例(83%)]、降钙素原(PCT)[10例(56%)]多高于正常范围，部分患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)可高于正常[7例(39%)]。但多数患者的肝功能、肾功能、心肌酶、C反应蛋白(CRP)的水平未表现出明显异常。与轻症组患者的血清炎症指标相比，重症组患者血清IL-6水平升高[18.34(22.87)pg/mL比1.92(4.37)pg/mL]，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，但CRP、PCT、铁蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血沉的差异无统计学意义。(4)COVID-19患者大部分有典型的部病变表现，影像学改变特点为病变呈现多发散在斑片状、片状磨玻璃密度影，边缘模糊，部分病变表现为间质性改变，以肺外带为主。结论贵阳地区COVID-19确诊患者基本都有

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简介：[摘要] 目的 探讨护理目标管理策略对四例无陪护的2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患儿的应用效果。 方法 选取2020年1月28日至2020年2月7日广州市妇女儿童医疗中心感染科隔离病区住院的4例无陪护COVID-19患儿，应用护理目标管理策略，采用具体化的护理内容和多元化的护理方式进行个性化护理。结果 4例患儿住院期间，工作人员清洁消毒、所有人员个人防护及人员管控等防控措施到位，无医源性感染；所有患儿能较好地适应住院环境。3例已出院，住院时间6-9天，还有1例住院患儿病情稳定。患儿及家属均对治疗及护理效果满意。结论 应用护理目标管理策略，各项防控实施到位，患儿很好的适应住院生活，有效提高患儿及家长的满意度。

简介：摘要目的调查2019新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情期间肿瘤放疗患者焦虑及抑郁情况。方法采用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表，对COVID-19疫情期间101例肿瘤放疗患者进行横断面调查。结果COVID-19疫情期间肿瘤放疗患者焦虑和抑郁发生率分别为15.8%和27.7%，其中12.9%的患者同时患有焦虑和抑郁。焦虑总分平均值为49.4分(25～76分)，抑郁总分平均值为46.4分(25～83分)，均高于国内常模。年龄是影响焦虑的因素，居住在城市者更易出现焦虑和抑郁状态。结论COVID-19疫情期间肿瘤放疗患者存在焦虑和抑郁心理，疫情因素会使上述情况加重，应关注上述患者心理健康，积极疏导，减轻疫情因素对患者产生的心理影响。

简介：摘要目的探讨COVID-19与早期肺癌磨玻璃样变的HRCT表现差异，规范疫情期间磨玻璃样变的诊治流程。方法2020年1月23日至2020年2月15日厦门大学附属第一医院收治的34例经检测新型冠状病毒核酸阳性确诊COVID-19患者作为观察组；2018年1月1日至2019年12月31日经厦门大学附属第一医院胸外科手术确诊为肺恶性肿瘤，且术前HRCT检查表现为纯磨玻璃病变，符合纳入标准的患者，采用数字表法随机抽取40例作为对照组；对比两组患者的HRCT特征，进行统计学分析。结果性别、年龄、病变是否伴有胸腔积液、病变位置是否位于外侧带差异无统计学意义；病变是否多灶起病、病变3天内是否发生明显变化、是否有网格征、是否有空泡征、边界是否清晰差异有统计学意义。结论COVID-19病情进展较快，早期肺癌多为惰性病灶，影像学动态检查是鉴别两者的重要依据。

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简介：摘要目的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情已经成为全球关注的公共卫生问题，其潜伏期等流行病学特征尚不明确，本研究旨在对新型冠状病毒肺炎的潜伏期分布进行估计。方法收集各省份卫生健康委员会官方发布信息平台的确诊病例暴露与发病信息，利用区间删失数据估计方法，基于Log-normal、Gamma和Weibull分布，对新型冠状病毒肺炎的潜伏期分布进行估计。结果本研究共收集确诊病例109例，平均年龄为39.825岁。基于Log-normal分布的潜伏期M＝4.938（P25～P75：3.451～7.304）d，Gamma分布的潜伏期M＝5.064（P25～P75：3.489～7.301）d，Weibull分布的潜伏期M＝5.678（P25～P75：3.653～7.666）d。Gamma分布的对数似然函数值最大。结论COVID-19的潜伏期服从Gamma分布，基于区间删失数据的估计方法可用于传染病潜伏期分布的估计。

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