简介：摘要：新型冠状病毒（简称为“ COVID-19”）是一种新型的传染致病病毒，它具有传染性强，致病率高等特点，尤以与患者密切接触的家庭成员和医护人员发病率高等为特点。做好新型冠状病毒的预防，保持积极乐观的心态和良好的身体机能，实现一线护理人员的零感染，实现病房患者的优质护理，帮助每一个病房患者康复出院。做好病房护理时的自我防护，需要严格做到以下几个方面：熟练做好防护用品的穿戴，保证负压病房净化装置的正常运行，做好预防感染的各项措施，加强营养、保证睡眠、避免过度劳累，相关职能部门为新型冠状病毒病房护理人员提供院感和心理帮助。在执行严格的消毒隔离流程和自我防护的基础上，虽然部分护理人员出现心理压力增加，抵抗力下降等情况，但最终实现了病房护理人员的零感染。新型冠状病毒的病房护理是可以预防的，只有做好严格的自我防护，保持良好的心态和身体机能，才能最大限度的避免院内感染，病房护理人员才能更高效、更细致的做好病房患者的临床护理工作。

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简介：AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents an enormous challenge to all countries, regardless of their development status. The manipulation of its etiologic agent SARS-CoV-2 requires a biosafety containment level 3 laboratories (BSL-3) to understand virus biology and in vivo pathogenesis as well as the translation of new knowledge into the preclinical development of vaccines and antivirals. As such, BSL-3 facilities should be considered an integral part of any public health response to emerging infectious disease prevention, control and management. Differently from BSL-2, BSL-3 units vary considerably along the range from industrialized to the least developed countries. Innovative Developing Countries (IDCs) such as Brazil, which excelled at controlling the 2015-2017 Zika epidemic, had to face a serious flaw in its disease control and prevention structure: the scarcity and uneven geographic distribution of its BSL-3 facilities, including those for preclinical animal experimentation.

简介：【摘要】回顾了 1 例糖尿病合并 COVID-19 患者的护理过程及效果。在护理过程中，注重病情监测、营养支持、皮肤护理，并提供心理支持，是减少并发症和提高治愈率的前提。

简介：摘要BACKGROUNDCorona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease. Despite being clinically cured, some patients still find it difficult to return to their normal life and work due to the degree of dysfunctions that they have, as part of the disease′s aftereffect. Through this study, we aim to learn more about the dysfunctions and rehabilitation needs of COVID-19 patients.METHODSIn this survey, the basic information, dysfunctions, and rehabilitation needs of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, who were selected by convenience sampling in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, were obtained using a self-designed questionnaire. The research was conducted from February 29, 2020 to March 2, 2020.RESULTSA total of 280 patients were finally included, who were mainly over 51 years of age (64.2%). The main physical dysfunctions that the patients had were sleep disorders (63.6%), decreased activity endurance (61.4%), and respiratory dysfunction (57.9%), while the main psychological dysfunctions included anxiety (62.1%) and fear (50.0%). Rehabilitation that mainly requested by the patients included exercise guidance, dietary instruction, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, physical therapy, and Chinese traditional health exercises.CONCLUSIONSThe demand for rehabilitation is high among COVID-19 patients, which requires the quick establishment of a comprehensive and individualized rehabilitation program, to be fulfilled.

简介：摘要目的探讨COVID-19患者T淋巴细胞的动态变化。方法收集2020年1—2月在北海市人民医院感染性疾病科确诊为COVID-19的40例患者和同期40名健康体检者(健康对照组)的抗凝血，流式细胞仪检测CD4＋T和CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群计数。同时检测24例连续2次核酸检测阴性达到出院标准的恢复期患者CD4＋T和CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群计数。结果与健康对照组比，急性期COVID-19患者的白细胞及淋巴细胞计数均显著降低[(4.71±1.54)×109个/L vs (6.26±1.44)×109个/L，(1.13±0.41)×109个/L vs (1.51±0.39)×109个/L；P均<0.05]；CD4＋T和CD8＋T淋巴细胞数量均显著减少[(447.15±144.42)个/μl vs (592.83±146.76)个/μl，(309.35±173.05)个/μl vs (397.20±136.94)个/μl；P均<0.05]，而CD4＋/CD8＋ T细胞比例与健康对照组比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。24例出院患者恢复期的CD4＋T和CD8＋T淋巴细胞数量较急性期显著升高[(598.08±138.71)个/μl vs (420.67±147.38)个/μl，(439.08±166.94)个/μl vs (296.67±151.06)个/μl；P均<0.05]，与健康对照组比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性期COVID-19患者的免疫功能出现一过性免疫缺陷，在恢复期可升高至正常水平。

简介：AbstractAntiviral therapy with antiviral agents is a very important component of treatment for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is important to clarify how to evaluate efficacy and safety of antiviral agents in treatment of COVID-19 during the pandemic of this disease. We need to answer the following questions: do we still need to use rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs)? Or, will it be enough if we use loosened criteria, observational studies or even retrospective case series and case reports? The answer is "No, we still need to use the strictly designed preferably blinded multicenter RCTs to evaluate the antiviral agents." In this article, we reviewed almost all the RCT reports on monotherapies and combined therapies with antiviral agents for COVID-19, and found that among the reports on monotherapies, only remdesivir, and among combined antiviral agents, only the combined regimen with interferon-β1b, lopinavir-ritonavir and ribavirin were effective and safe based on evidences from RCTs. The results of five RCTs for chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine consistently showed that they were ineffective and unsafe in the treatment of COVID-19, especially at larger doses. Many aspects in the design of the clinical trials may be related to success or failure of a trial and the relevant factors need to be analyzed, discussed and emphasized from the specific requirements and considerations of antiviral therapies. We hope such discussions be of certain use in designing clinical trials for pediatric antiviral therapies.

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简介：AbstractBackground:As COVID-19 makes its way around the globe, each nation must decide when and how to respond. Yet many knowledge gaps persist, and many countries lack the capacity to develop complex models to assess risk and response. This paper aimed to meet this need by developing a model that uses case reporting data as input and provides a four-tiered risk assessment output.Methods:We used publicly available, country/territory level case reporting data to determine median seeding number, mean seeding time (ST), and several measures of mean doubling time (DT) for COVID-19. We then structured our model as a coordinate plane with ST on the x-axis, DT on the y-axis, and mean ST and mean DT dividing the plane into four quadrants, each assigned a risk level. Sensitivity analysis was performed and countries/territories early in their outbreaks were assessed for risk.Results:Our main finding was that among 45 countries/territories evaluated, 87% were at high risk for their outbreaks entering a rapid growth phase epidemic. We furthermore found that the model was sensitive to changes in DT, and that these changes were consistent with what is officially known of cases reported and control strategies implemented in those countries.Conclusions:Our main finding is that the ST/DT Model can be used to produce meaningful assessments of the risk of escalation in country/territory-level COVID-19 epidemics using only case reporting data. Our model can help support timely, decisive action at the national level as leaders and other decision makers face of the serious public health threat that is COVID-19.

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简介：摘要目的分析内蒙古自治区包头市土右旗确诊的7例COVID-19患者的病例特点，为包头市疫情特点分析提供具体资料。方法从患者流行病学调查、临床表现、血常规、肺CT、诊断分型、治疗方法、潜伏期、核酸转阴时间、住院时间等方面系统分析病例特点。结果7例患者来自于2个家庭，由1例来自武汉的无症状感染者直接或间接传播，呈现出典型家庭聚集性。结论无症状感染者的存在加速了病毒传播，是此次疫情迅速蔓延的原因之一。部分密切接触者不易被感染，其原因有待进一步研究。

简介：AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak affects the use of biologics for psoriatic patients, in the way that the consequential immunosuppression potentially alters a patient’s susceptibility to the virus or deteriorate the condition if the patient is infected or even change the prognosis of infection. Therefore, authors reviewed currently available recommendations from international psoriasis academic organizations and specialists, and summarized them with the specific situation in China. We are trying to provide guidance to the use of biologics for psoriatic patients in the following contexts: patients on biologic therapy, patients being considered for biologic therapy initiation, patients with low-risk or high-risk of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, patients tested negative or positive for the nucleic acid testing of virus.

简介：【摘 要】目的：观察新冠肺炎患者康复期应用主动循环呼吸技术 (ACBT)后肺功能改善状况。方法：对 60例新冠肺炎患者在康复期实施 ACBT干预，在干预前 1d、干预后第 7、 14和 28d各进行一次患者临床症状，呼吸、咳嗽咳痰、心理和生活能力情况的观测与调查。结果： 60例观察对象中有 55例未出现明显新冠肺炎临床症状和不良反应，观察对象的 FVC、 FEV1和 FEV1/FVC及排痰量随着 ACBT干预时间的延长而相应增多，差异有统计学意义 (P＜ 0.05)。结论： ACBT有助于帮助新冠肺炎患者改善呼吸困难症状和功能障碍，减少并发症。

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简介：AbstractPurpose:The COVID-19 pandemic has caused 1.4 million deaths globally and is associated with a 3-4 times increase in 30-day mortality after a fragility hip fracture with concurrent COVID-19 infection. Typically, death from COVID-19 infection occurs between 15 and 22 days after the onset of symptoms, but this period can extend up to 8 weeks. This study aimed to assess the impact of concurrent COVID-19 infection on 120-day mortality after a fragility hip fracture.Methods:A multi-centre prospective study across 10 hospitals treating 8% of the annual burden of hip fractures in England between 1st March and 30th April, 2020 was performed. Patients whose surgical treatment was payable through the National Health Service Best Practice Tariff mechanism for "fragility hip fractures" were included in the study. Patients’ 120-day mortality was assessed relative to their perioperative COVID-19 status. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.Results:A total of 746 patients were included in this study, of which 87 (11.7%) were COVID-19 positive. Mortality rates at 30- and 120-day were significantly higher for COVID-19 positive patients relative to COVID-19 negative patients (p < 0.001). However, mortality rates between 31 and 120-day were not significantly different (p = 0.107), 16.1% and 9.4% respectively for COVID-19 positive and negative patients, odds ratio 1.855 (95% CI 0.865-3.978).Conclusion:Hip fracture patients with concurrent COVID-19 infection, provided that they are alive at day-31 after injury, have no significant difference in 120-day mortality. Despite the growing awareness and concern of "long-COVID" and its widespread prevalence, this does not appear to increase mediumterm mortality rates after a hip fracture.

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate and analyze changes of T lymphocyte and other lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the goal of improving clinical understanding and the value of research applications.Methods:General data of 66 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of Beijing PLA General Hospital from January 2 to March 23, 2020 were collected in this retrospective case-control observational study, and they were divided into mild (n=26), mid-grade (n=19), and severe/critical disease groups (n=21) according to disease severity. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, CD4 absolute counts, CD8 absolute counts, and CD4/CD8 expression ratios of peripheral whole blood among the three patient groups were compared. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA (approval No. 2020-69-D) on May 5, 2020.Results:Among the 66 COVID-19 patients examined, 38 were male and 28 were female, with an average age of 53 ± 17 years. Among patients, 26 cases were mild, 19 cases were mid-grade, and 21 cases were severe/critical. Neutrophils, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios of the severe/critical group were significantly higher compared with mild and mid-grade groups (P < 0.01); however, there was no obvious difference between mid-grade and mild groups (P > 0.05). Lymphocytes, CD4 absolute counts, and CD8+ absolute counts of the severe/critical group were significantly lower compared with mild and mid-grade groups (P < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between mid-grade and mild groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Counts of lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in severe/critically ill patients were decreased, which is of great significance for the identification of severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

简介：AbstractPurpose:As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health, there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people (age from 17 to 35 years). This psychological impact might vary in different countries, and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress, loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Data of this study came from two sources. One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society, a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study, which provided the high-quality, national-wide representative panel data. The sample comprised 1054 young people. The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai, a highly developed area in China. The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders (cut-off score ≥ 4), loneliness and potential PTSS (cut-off ≥ 33). Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai.Results:Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress, the UK sample accounted for 34.4% (n=1054) and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1% (n=1003). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57.1% of people in the UK and 46.7% in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely, of which the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality, gender, psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores, while the variables of age and living alone were not. Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality, gender, age, living alone and psychotherapy. In China, 123 (12.3%) young people, 49 men (11.3%) and 74 women (13.0%), met the criteria of PTSS symptoms (cut-off scores ≥ 33). These scores were only collected in China.Conclusion:This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period. More research is needed to understand these differences. If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed, country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.

简介：AbstractObjective:Emetine, an isoquinoline alkaloid that is enriched at high concentrations in the lung, has shown potent in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study was to better understand the effectiveness of low-dose emetine for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:In this real-world study, 63 patients with mild or common COVID-19 were recruited from Wuhan Fangcang Shelter Hospital and five COVID-19-designated hospitals in Anhui Province, China from February to March 2020. Thirty-nine patients from Wuhan Fangcang Shelter Hospital were assigned to a pragmatic randomized controlled clinical trial, and 24 patients from the 5 COVID-19-designated hospitals in Anhui Province underwent a real-world study. The medication course of emetine was less than 10 days. The main symptoms and adverse reactions of all patients were observed and recorded. The primary outcome measure was the time required for a negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA result or the negative result rate on day 10. Secondary outcomes included axillary temperature, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and respiratory frequency recovery. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University on February 20, 2019 (approval No. PJ2020-03-19) and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on February 20, 2019 (registration number: ChiCTR2000030022).Results:The oxygen saturation values were higher in the treatment group than in the control group on the first day after enrollment for patients treated at Fangcang Shelter Hospital. The axillary body temperature, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation among patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital were related to the time effect but not to the intervention measures. The respiratory rate and oxygen saturation of patients in the Anhui designated hospitals were related to the intervention measures but not to the time effect. The axillary body temperature of patients in Anhui designated hospitals was related to the time effect but not to the intervention measures.Conclusion:Our preliminary study shows that low-dose emetine combined with basic conventional antiviral drugs improves clinical symptoms in patients with mild and common COVID-19 without apparent adverse effects, suggesting that moderately increased doses of emetine may have good potential for treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

简介：AbstractThe number of COVID-19 confirmed cases rapidly grew since the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified in late 2019. Due to the high transmissibility of this virus, more countries are experiencing the repeated waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with limited manufacturing and distribution of vaccines, control measures might still be the most critical measures to contain outbreaks worldwide. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of various control measures is necessary to inform policymakers and improve future preparedness. In addition, there is an ongoing need to enhance our understanding of the epidemiological parameters and the transmission patterns for a better response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on how various models were applied to guide the COVID-19 response by estimating key epidemiologic parameters and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures. We also discuss the insights obtained from the prediction of COVID-19 trajectories under different control measures scenarios.