简介:在血和第二等的淋巴的纸巾之间的成熟淋巴细胞的循环在免疫系统起一个中央作用。从进在高endothelial小静脉以外的第二等的淋巴的纸巾的血的淋巴细胞的Homing高度依赖于在chemokines之间的相互作用CCL19,CCL21,CXCL12,和CXCL13,和他们的受体CCR7,CXCR4和CXCR5。然而,到淋巴的从第二等的淋巴的纸巾的淋巴细胞外出的分子的机制仍然保持不清楚。我们发现了immunomodulator的一个新班,由植物的导出黄蜂的自然产品的化学修正的FTY720,ISP-I(myriocin)。FTY720被显示了在试验性的allograft和自体免疫的疾病模型高度有效。FTY720的一个惹人注目的特征是在在在这些的那项表演immunomodulating活动建模的剂量的外部血淋巴细胞的显著减少的正式就职。由FTY720的传播淋巴细胞的减小被iymphocytes的隐遁引起进第二等的淋巴的纸巾和胸腺。FTY720很快被变换成FTY720磷酸盐的(S)-enantiomer[由鞘氨醇kinase的(S)-FTY720-P]2在vivo。(S)-FTY720-P充当S1P受体类型1的有势力收缩筋(S1P1),在淋巴细胞上导致S1P1的长期的下面规定,并且从而向S1P禁止淋巴细胞的迁居。因此,导致FTY720的淋巴细胞隐遁由它的活跃代谢物(S)-FTY720-P由于从第二等的淋巴的纸巾和胸腺的S1P/S1P1-dependent淋巴细胞外出的抑制,这被假定。在整个FTY720的行动的机制的分析,S1P/S1P1相互作用从第二等的淋巴的纸巾和胸腺为淋巴细胞外出起一个重要作用,这被澄清。
简介:目的探讨胃癌组织中ICAM-1,TGF-β1,bFGF的表达与胃癌腹膜转移及其相关因素的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法检测ICAM-1,TGF-β1,bFGF在60例胃癌原发灶的表达,同时进行癌灶病理学,腹膜形态学,浆膜印片及腹腔脱落细胞检查。结果ICAM-1阳性的表达率为38.3%,与腹膜转移及其相关因素均无明显统计学差异;TGF-β1阳性表达率为43.3%,多见于腹膜呈明显病理改变及腹膜转移(+)的病例(P<0.05);bFGF的表达率为63.3%。其阳性表达者腹腔脱落癌细胞多为阳性(P<0.05),TGF-β1,bFGF均与浸润深度呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论TGF-β1,bFGF与腹膜转移及其相关因素关系密切,二者阳性表达者易发生腹膜转移,可作为预测腹膜转移的生物学指标。
简介:RamanscatteringspectroscopyisappliedtoinvestigatethephononmodesinGaxIn1-xP(x=0.52)and(AlxGa1-x)0.51In0.49P(x=0.29)alloys.Two-modebehaviorinGaxIn1-xPandthree-modebehaviorin(AlxGa1-x)0.51In0.49Pareobserved.InorderedGaxIn1-xP,weclearlydistinguishtheTO1(GaP-like)modeandthesplittingofLO1(GaP-like)andLO2(InP-like)modes,whichisbelievedtobetheresultofsuperlatticeeffectofordering,andtheLO1+LO2mode,whichisobservedforthefirsttime.Inadditiontotheb/aratio,it'sfoundthattherelativeintensityoftheFLAandtheLO1+LO2modesalsocorrespondstothedegreeoforder.TheTO1andthesplittingofLO1andLO2devotetogethertothereductionofthe'valleydepth'.In(AlxGa1-x)0.51In0.49P,thedoublingofFLAisobserved.DuetotheinfluenceofAlcomposition,theGaP-likeLOmodebecomesashoulderoftheInP-likeLOmode.TheunresolvedRamanspectraindicatetheexistenceoforderedstructurein(AlxGa1-x)0.51In0.49Palloys.
简介:
简介:Objective:Toinvestigatethepost-transcriptionalregulationofp21WAF1/CIP1byp53.Methods:TheMDA-MB-468cellshaveendogenousmutantp53andtheMCF7cellslineshavewtp53.Recombinantp53expressionandp21WAF1/CIP1inductionweredetectedbyWesternblotanalysis.Northernblotanalysiswascarriedouttoexaminewhetherchangesinp21WAF1/CIP1proteinlevelsinMCF7cellstreatedwithAdCMVp53arereflectedatthemRNAlevel.FlowcytometricanalysisofMCF7cellsfollowingoverexpressionofrecombination.Results:Theratioofp53:p21WAF1/CIP1wasbelow1attheearlystagesofAdCMVp53infection,butincreasedto1.6byday3andto9.7byday5post-infection.Asexpected,p21WAF1/CIP1expressionwasnotdetectableinMDA-MB-468cellsdespitethepresenceofhighlevelsofmutantp53protein.TheG1/SratiosinuntreatedcontrolsandAdCMVβgalinfectedMCF7cellswere1.10and1.35,respectively.ByNorthernblotanalyzingthep21WAF1/CIP1:GAPDHratiosatdifferenttimepointsagainsttheratioattimepoint0,amaximum3-foldinductionofp21WAF1/CIP1mRNAexpressionrelativetountreatedcontrolwasobservedonday1post-infection.TheflowcytometricanalysisindicatedthatMCF7cellsinfectedwithAdCMVp53undergoG1arrestatbothtimepointsstudied,withG1/Sratiosrangingfrom5.54atday1to5.65atday7.TheG1/SratiosinuntreatedcontrolsandAdCMVβgalinfectedMCF7cellswere1.10and1.35,respectively.Conclusion:Thisstudydemonstratedthatp53couldregulatep21WAF1/CIP1geneexpressionatboththetranscriptionalandpost-transcriptionallevelsinMCF7cells.Thelattermechanismmaybeinvolvedinorberesponsiblefor,theinductionofcellcyclearrestbytranscription-defectivemutantsofp53.
简介:介绍了一种分离HF与CF3CClFCF3的工艺。该工艺包括以下步骤:将混合物置于分离区内,其温度为-30~100℃、压力为维持混合物为液态的压力,在底层形成含HF摩尔分数小于50%的富有机相,在顶层形成HF摩尔分数大于90%的富HF相。富有机相可从分离区的底部取出,送至蒸馏塔进行蒸馏,以回收纯CF3CClFCF3,含HF和CF3CClFCF3的馏出液可从蒸馏塔的塔顶移出,从蒸馏塔的底部可获得纯CF3CClFCF3。富HF相可从分离区的顶部分出,送至蒸馏塔进行蒸馏处理,含HF和CF3CClFCF3的馏出液可从蒸馏塔的顶部分出,而HF可从蒸馏塔的底部分出。如果需要,可将两部分馏出液回收至分离区。还介绍了HF与一定量CF3CClFCF3构成的HF类共沸物组成,CF3CClFCF3的摩尔分数为38.4%-47.9%。此外,还介绍了生产1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的工艺。其中一种方法使用了含HF与CF3CClFCF3的混合物,其特点是制得的CF3CClFCF3几乎为纯品(如前所述),再将CF3CClFCF3与氢气反应;另一种方法是使用上述的共沸物,并在HF存在下,将CF3CClFCF3与氢气反应。还介绍了一种生产六氟丙烷的工艺,该工艺的特点是制得几乎为纯品的CF3CClFCF3(如前所述),然后进行CF3CClFCF3的脱卤作用。
简介:these vulgar words are considered taboo words. In Chinese,etc. These words are used to insult others. People always try to avoid using them in a normal and polite communication.The evolution of linguistic taboo indicates that taboos involve in almost every field of life. Therefore the above three types of taboo words don’t present a complete list of taboo terms and the author has found other types of taboo words in other references.3.2.4 In terms concerning disease,it is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo
简介:der auch in der Lage war eine Familie zu unterhalten. Dadurch war mehr als die Hä,und die Trauung fand „,Zwischen 1489 und 1770 ist die Trauung per Stellvertreter / Handschuhehe belegt. Das war eine besondere Zeremonie der Trauung in Abwesenheit des Brä