简介:AbstractThe crude case fatality rate (CFR), because of the calculation method, is the most accurate when the pandemic is over since there is a possibility of the delay between disease onset and outcomes. Adjusted crude CFR measures can better explain the pandemic situation by improving the CFR estimation. However, no study has thoroughly investigated the COVID-19 adjusted CFR of the South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. This study estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted CFR of COVID-19 for these countries. Moreover, we assessed the crude CFR between genders and across age groups and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in Bangladesh. Using the daily records up to October 9, we implemented a statistical method to remove the delay between disease onset and outcome bias, and due to asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases, reporting rates lower than 50% (95% CI: 10%-50%) bias in crude CFR. We found that Afghanistan had the highest CFR, followed by Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. Our estimated crude CFR varied from 3.708% to 0.290%, survival interval adjusted CFR varied from 3.767% to 0.296% and further underreporting adjusted CFR varied from 1.096% to 0.083%. Furthermore, the crude CFRs for men were significantly higher than that of women in Afghanistan (4.034% vs. 2.992%) and Bangladesh (1.739% vs. 1.337%) whereas the opposite was observed in Maldives (0.284% vs. 0.390%), Nepal (0.006% vs. 0.007%), and Pakistan (2.057% vs. 2.080%). Besides, older age groups had higher risks of death. Moreover, crude CFR increased from 1.261% to 1.572% after imposing the COVID-19 test fees in Bangladesh. Therefore, the authorities of countries with higher CFR should be looking for strategic counsel from the countries with lower CFR to equip themselves with the necessary knowledge to combat the pandemic. Moreover, caution is needed to report the CFR.
简介:AbstractBackground:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for severe COVID-19 to improve treatment guidelines.Methods:A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Patients were classified into two groups based on disease severity (nonsevere and severe) according to initial clinical presentation. Laboratory test results and epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to detect potential risk factors associated with severe COVID-19.Results:A total of 289 patients (197 nonsevere and 92 severe cases) with a median age of 45.0 (33.0, 61.0) years were included in this study, and 53.3% (154/289) were male. Fever (192/286, 67.1%) and cough (170/289, 58.8%) were commonly observed, followed by sore throat (49/289, 17.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that patients who were aged ≥ 65 years (OR: 2.725, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.317-5.636; P = 0.007), were male (OR: 1.878, 95% CI: 1.002-3.520, P = 0.049), had comorbid diabetes (OR: 3.314, 95% CI: 1.126-9.758, P = 0.030), cough (OR: 3.427, 95% CI: 1.752-6.706, P < 0.001), and/or diarrhea (OR: 2.629, 95% CI: 1.109-6.231, P = 0.028) on admission had a higher risk of severe disease. Moreover, stratification analysis indicated that male patients with diabetes were more likely to have severe COVID-19 (71.4% vs. 28.6%, χ2 = 8.183, P = 0.004).Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of those with severe and nonsevere COVID-19 were significantly different. The elderly, male patients with COVID-19, diabetes, and presenting with cough and/or diarrhea on admission may require close monitoring to prevent deterioration.
简介:摘 要:8·19讲话是习近平总书记自担任党的最高领袖以来首次发表的关于意识形态工作、宣传思想工作的重要讲话。在这次讲话中,习近平总书记高屋建瓴地回答了事关意识形态工作、宣传思想工作的一系列战略性、根本性、全局性的重大问题,是他的新闻思想的一次集中阐发。他在8·19讲话中提出的意识形态工作极端重要、党性人民性是一致统一的等新观点、新论断、新表述,内涵十分丰富,意蕴十分深刻,意义十分重大,影响十分深远。进一步按照习近平新闻思想做好新闻工作,需要我们不断回到思想出发的地方,需要我们对8·19讲话进行反复不断地解读。
简介:【摘要】目的:探究院前急救患者诊治中应用院前急救创伤评分方法的效果。方法:选取2019年6月至2021年6月我院收治的院前急救患者138例,根据入院先后顺序分为对照组69例与试验组69例,对照组采取常规院前急救,试验组采取院前急救创伤评分方法急救,对比两组急救满意度、临床急救效果。结果:试验组与对照组急救满意度分别为97.10%、78.26%,试验组较对照组高,有统计学差异,P<0.05;试验组转运死亡率、植物生存率、伤残率及治愈率优于对照组,有统计学差异,P<0.05。结论:院前急救中应用院前急救创伤评分法,可减少患者死亡,提高预后,促进急救满意度提升,具有较高的临床推广及应用价值。
简介:摘要目的探讨COVID-19康复者恢复期血浆及COVID-19静注人免疫球蛋白(human intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIG)(COVID-19-IVIG)IgG及亚类的水平。方法选择2020年2月至3月国药集团武汉血液制品有限公司采集的COVID-19康复者恢复期血浆及制备的COVID-19-IVIG作为研究组,选择健康者单采血浆及IVIG作为对照组。采用免疫比浊法检测并比较免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)及IgG亚类水平。分析COVID-19-IVIG中IgG亚类与其他蛋白之间的相关性。结果健康者单采血浆的IgG3、IgG4水平显著高于恢复期血浆(P<0.05),但IgG1、IgG2水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。恢复期血浆IgM水平与血型〔相关系数(r)=0.649〕、抗体效价(r=0.696)呈正相关(P<0.05),IgG1(r=0.745)、IgG2(r=0.952)水平与IgG呈正相关(P<0.05)。COVID-19-IVIG的IgG1/∑4i=1 IgGn显著高于恢复期血浆(t=3.633,P<0.05),而IgG4/∑4i=1 IgGn显著低于康复者混合血浆(t=-4.899, P<0.05),两组间IgG2/∑4i=1 IgGn和IgG3/∑4i=1 IgGn差异无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.974和-0.280,P值均大于0.05)。COVID-19-IVIG与IVIG的IgG亚类分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在COVID-19-IVIG中,仅IgG2水平与α2巨球蛋白呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论恢复期血浆IgG亚类水平与健康者单采血浆有一定差异。COVID-19-IVIG制备过程中存在IgG亚类水平的变化,COVID-19-IVIG IgG亚类齐全,与IVIG IgG亚类水平相近。
简介:摘要:高考写作文有“深刻” 这一写作能力的“发展等级”,要想达到发展等级之深刻,学生必须学会三点思考:其一立意时思考要善于透过现象看本质,其二行文中要学会“多问几个为什么”, 其三行文中还要和不同的观点进行碰撞。惟其如此,作文才能够由浅入深,抵达思想的高度,触及灵魂的深处,杀出高考作文的庸俗圈,进入深刻圈。
简介:摘要:在全国上下火热开展党史学习教育的热潮下,要把“常学常新”的思想贯穿其中,在开展公司党建工作中,把握三个“新”字,落实三个方面,使学习教育更加入脑入心、融入实际、推动工作。
简介:摘要目的探讨全反式视黄酸(ATRA)体外诱导人视网膜色素上皮(ARPE)-19细胞凋亡的信号途径。方法采用不同浓度的ATRA处理ARPE-19细胞24 h、48 h,采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)法检测其细胞活性;分别采用0、2.5、5、10、15和20 μmol/L ATRA处理ARPE-19细胞24 h,通过流式细胞术和Western blot法检测细胞凋亡水平和caspase相关蛋白相对表达量;分别采用0、2.5、5、10和20 μmol/L ATRA处理ARPE-19细胞24 h,通过流式细胞术检测其总活性氧簇(ROS)水平和多重半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(multicaspase)水平,通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测caspase相关基因mRNA相对表达量。其中0 μmol/L ATRA组作为空白对照。结果CCK-8检测结果显示,ATRA处理ARPE-19细胞24 h和48 h后的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为13.88 μmol/L和11.99 μmol/L,不同浓度ATRA处理ARPE-19细胞24 h和48 h后细胞存活率总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=176.60、350.30,均P<0.01)。细胞培养24 h时,2 μmol/L、6 μmol/L ATRA组细胞存活率较空白对照组高,12、14、16、18、20 μmol/L ATRA组细胞存活率较空白对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。流式细胞术检测结果显示,不同浓度ATRA处理ARPE-19细胞后24 h,细胞凋亡、multicaspase及ROS水平总体比较差异均有统计学意义(F=86.39、166.84、101.40,均P<0.01),其中2.5 μmol/L和5 μmol/L ATRA组细胞凋亡率较空白对照组下降,10、15和20 μmol/L ATRA组较空白对照组升高,2.5、5、10、20 μmol/L ATRA组multicaspase和ROS相对表达量较空白对照组升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);Western blot检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,2.5、5、10、15、20 μmol/L ATRA组caspase 9蛋白相对表达量升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与空白对照组比较,2.5 μmol/L ATRA组caspase 12蛋白相对表达量升高,5、10、15、20 μmol/L ATRA组逐渐降低,2.5、15、20 μmol/L ATRA组与空白对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与空白对照组比较,5、10、20 μmol/L ATRA组caspase 3蛋白相对表达量升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与空白对照组比较,2.5、5、10、15、20 μmol/L ATRA组cleaved caspase 3蛋白相对表达量显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与空白对照组比较,2.5、5、10、20 μmol/L ATRA组caspase 9、caspase 12 mRNA及5 μmol/L、10 μmol/L ATRA组caspase 3 mRNA相对表达量明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。ATRA浓度小于10 μmol/L时,caspase 9和caspase 12 mRNA的相对表达量呈浓度依赖性升高,当浓度达20 μmol/L时,其相对表达量显著降低,但仍高于空白对照组。结论ATRA体外诱导ARPE-19细胞凋亡是通过激活ROS及内源性caspase依赖性凋亡途径导致的。
简介:【摘要】ZJ19卷烟机组后身供丝系统中集流管与弹丝辊传动张紧装置在机器运行中多次出现187L同步齿形带张紧力不够的现象。这一现象的发生直接影响供丝的稳定性和烟丝松散度,严重时造成烟丝在集流管处堵塞,经过分析发现:这一现象经常发生的原因是由于张紧机构频繁的拆卸和设计原因造成固定螺钉松动而引起的,通过重新设计和改造固定方式,彻底解决了这一故障现象。
简介:[摘 要]目的 探讨19例新型冠状病毒肺炎(NCP)患者治疗期间的护理。方法 对19例NCP患者治疗期间实施的护理措施。结果 19例NCP患者平稳度过治疗期,无患者死亡,无医务人员感染。结论 通过严格执行消毒隔离制度、有效的护理措施、使患者能积极配合治疗,平稳度过治疗期,同时防止了院内交叉感染。
简介:摘要:目的研究天眼人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI) CT在新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情期间的临床应用价值。研究方法是在2021年7月-2021年8月疫情期间,医院使用带有天眼AI技术的CT与普通CT分别对疑似或确诊患有新型冠状病毒肺炎的患者做CT胸部平扫检查的数据统计,进行比较和分析。结果是在临床上应用天眼AI CT的检查次数更多。结论:天眼AICT于COVID-19胸部CT检查,不但实现患者与放射科技师的无接触,降低医护人员及院内感染风险,而且能够提高检查速度,对临床工作起到积极的作用。