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简介：BasedontheMulti-ScaleStandardizedPrecipitationIndex(MSPI),extremeseveredroughteventsinChinaduring1961-2010wereidentified,andtheseasonal,annual,andinterdecadalvariationsoftheclusteringextremedroughteventswereinvestigatedbyusingthespatialpointprocesstheory.Itisfoundthatseveredroughtspresentatrendofgradualincreaseasaresultofthesignificantincreaseandclusteringtendencyofseveredroughtsinautumn.Theperiodicityanalysisoftheclusteringextremedroughtsindifferentseasonssuggeststhatthereisaremarkableinterdecadalchangeintheoccurrenceofclusteringextremedroughtsinwinter.Meanwhile,itisrevealedthattheclusteringextremedroughteventsexhibitgreatlydifferentannualmeanspatialdistributionsduring1961-2010,withscatteredandconcentratedclusteringzonesalternatingonthedecadaltimescale.Furthermore,itisfoundthatthedecadal-meanspatialdistributionsofextremedroughteventsinsummerarecorrelatedoutofphasewiththoseoftherainybandsoverChinainthepast50years,andagooddecadalpersistenceexistsbetweentheautumnandwinterextremedroughts,implyingasalientfeatureofconsecutiveautumn-winterdroughtsinthis50-yrperiod.ComparedwithotherregionsofChina,SouthwestChinabearsthemostprominentcharacteristicofclusteringextremedroughts.

简介：Anenvironmentalcapacitymodelforthepetroleumhydrocarbonpollutions(PHs)inJiaozhouBayisconstructedbasedonfieldsurveys,mesocosm,andparallellaboratoryexperiments.SimulatedresultsofPHsseasonalsuccessionsin2003matchthefieldsurveysofJiaozhouBayresaonablywellwithahighestvalueinJuly.TheMonteCarloanalysisconfirmsthatthevariationofPHsconcentrationsignificantlycorrelateswiththeriverinput.Thewaterbodyinthebayisreasonablysubjectedtoself-purificationprocesses,suchasvolatilizationtotheatmosphere,biodegradationbymicroorganism,andtransporttotheYellowSeabywaterexchange.TheenvironmentalcapacityofPHsinJiaozhouBayis1500tonsperyearIFtheseawaterqualitycriterion(GradeⅠ/Ⅱ,0.05mgL-1)intheregionistobesatisfied.Thecontributiontoself-purificationbyvolatilization,biodegradation,andtransporttotheYellowSeaaccountsfor48%,28%,and23%,respectively,whichmakethesethreeprocessesthemainwaysofPHspurificationinJiaozhouBay.

简介：这研究分析了interdecadal变化在日报夏天(JuneAugust)的可变性在东方中国上的降水在时期期间19662005时时使用车站雨计量器数据。结果揭示了那降雨日报变化经历了重要interdecadal变化。在到在Yangtze和黄河之间的长江，以及区域的南方的区域上，到全部的降雨的早上降雨(00001200LST)的百分比以数量，频率和紧张，所有展出增加的interdecadal趋势。在诺思中国上，相反减少趋势被发现。作为结果，日报也介绍的降雨山峰读了interdecadal变化。在在Yangtze和黄河之间的区域上，从有下午(12000000LST)的46个车站有16频率在学习的40年的时期的开始的20年里达到顶点，当仅仅八留在后者时20年。在诺思中国，七个车站经历了相反的变化，它占了车站的大约21%全部的数字。为interdecadal变化在的可能的原因日报特征被讨论。作为在活跃季风的降雨，时期介绍早上日报山峰与在裂缝时期的下午山峰，在在诺思中国(在Yangtze和黄河之间的长江和区域的区域南方)上的活跃季风时期的降雨的减少(增加)可以贡献interdecadal变化在日报降雨可变性。

简介：Unlikethetraditionalrelationshipbetweenestablishedpowersandemergingpowersinmodernhistory,therearefavorableconditionsunderwhichChinaandtheUnitedStatescanpreventmajorconflictsineconomic,political,andsecurityareas.Thepressingtaskforthetwosidesnowistoenhancecommunicationandmutualunderstanding,andreduceordispelthemisperceptionssoastobuildupmutualstrategicassuranceandreduceoralleviateirrationalstrategicanxieties.

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简介：在华东和NCEP/NCAR每天全球的期末考试从212个车站基于每日的降水数据在从2000～2010的6月和7月的分析数据，frontogenesis的climatological特征和相关发行量被分析了。结果证明那frontogenesis功能在华东非一致地散布。运动学的frontogenesis的不同学期显示出frontogenesis的不同紧张和分布。从不同运动学的frontogenesis学期综合的最强壮的frontogenesis在Jianghuai区域被观察。Frontogenesis事件作为每被分开成四种类型不同砍并且沿着在850hPa的强壮的frontogenesis乐队的水平风的集中类型。四种类型包括温暖砍类型，冷砍类型(与二种子类型)，西方风集中类型，和东方风集中打字。在不同frontogenesis类型的事件在过去的十年与不同频率发生。温暖砍类型最经常发生。frontogenesis的不同类型有特殊水平、垂直的结构。强壮的frontogenesis与se平行的340-K轮廓被展示到正面的地区在垂直。在气旋或反气旋，风集中，以及垂直发行量结构的转移地点和力量表明的改变的大规模发行量模式与frontogenesis的不同类型被联系。而且，在frontogenesis和降水之间的强壮的积极关联被发现，即，越强壮frontogenesis，有越多猛冲。每日的降水与有关温暖砍类型frontogenesis最大，并且经常与强壮的frontogenesis带与一样的取向发生在正面的地区内。第二最大的每日的猛冲与寒冷发生砍类型frontogenesis，和相关降雨通常被观察到正面的地区的南方，与延长的雨带向东北。与西方风集中类型frontogenesis有关的降水是第三最大，主要在正面的地区的南方发生。

简介：Duetothehighertemporalandspatialresolutionandthebetterintegralityoflong-termsatelliteinfrared(IR)BrightnessTemperature(TBB)data,aclimatologyofdeepconvectionduringsummeroverSouthChinaandtheadjacentwatersispresentedinthispaperbasedonthe1-hourlyinfraredIRTBBdataduringJune-Augustof1996-2007(except2004).TheresultsshowthatthegeographicdistributionofdeepconvectiondenotedbyTBB≤-52℃overSouthChinaandtheadjacentwatersarebasicallyconsistentwithpreviousstatisticalresultsbasedonsurfacethunderstormobservationsandlow-orbitsatellitelightningobservations.Themonthly,ten-day,five-dayanddiurnalvariationsofdeepconvectioninthisregionarefocusedoninthispaper.Thereare5activedeep-convectionareasinJune-August.Themonthlyvariationsofthedeepconvectionarecloselyassociatedwiththelarge-scaleatmosphericcirculations.ThedeepconvectionoverthelandareasofSouthChinaismoreactiveinJunewhilethatovertheSouthChinaSeaismoreactiveinJulyandAugust.Thedevelopmentofdeepconvectionisprominentlyintermittentanditsperiodisabout3to5five-dayperiods.However,thedeepconvectionoverthecoastalareasinSouthChinaremainsmoreactiveduringsummerandhasnoapparentintermittence.Theten-dayandfive-dayvariationsofdeepconvectionshowthattherearedifferentvariationsofdeepconvectionoverdifferentareasinSouthChinaandtheadjacentwaters.ThetendencyofdeepconvectionoverthelandareasofSouthChinaisnegativelycorrelatedwiththatovertheSouthChinaSea.Thediurnalvariationsofdeepconvectionshowthatthesea-landbreeze,causedbythethermaldifferencesbetweenlandandsea,andthemountain-valleybreeze,causedbythethermaldifferencesbetweenmountainsandplainsorbasins,causedeepconvectiontopropagatefromseatolandintheafternoonandfromlandtoseaaftermidnight,andtheconvectionovermountainspropagatesfrommountainstoplainsaftermidnight.Thedifferen

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简介：PM2.5喷雾器从2009年4月在城市的Chengdu被取样到2010年1月，并且他们的化学作文为元素详细被描绘，浇可溶的无机的离子，和碳的物质。PM2.5的年度一般水准是165gm3，它通常比另外的中国城市里的大小高，建议城市里的严肃的微粒污染问题。水可溶的离子包括元素的碳和器官的碳贡献了43.5%到年度全部的PM2.5集体、碳的喷雾器贡献了32.0%，并且踪迹元素贡献了13.8%。不同每日、季节的变化在PM2.5和它的部件的集体集中被观察，反映不同人为、生来的来源的季节的变化。对中立粒子弱酸被作出对有利的裁决PM2.5。从来源分配分析识别的PM2.5的主要来源包括了煤燃烧，交通用尽，燃烧的生物资源，土壤灰尘，和构造清扫排出物。低硝酸盐：硫酸盐比率建议静止排出物比车辆排出物更重要。铵硫酸盐的重建的群众，铵硝酸盐，微粒碳的物质，和好土壤说明了79%全部的测量PM2.5质量；他们也说明了散布的92%全部的测量粒子。

简介：Recentstudiesindicatedthatexceptfortheland-seathermalcontrast,therealsoexistedtheland-landthermalcontrast.Thecompositeanalysisandt-testmethodareusedtofurtherstudythelocalthermalcontrastvariationovertheAsiancontinent,andtodiscusstheassociationofseasonalvariationoflandthermalstatewithcirculationoverEastAsia,theearlysummerandsummermonsoonactivity,andtheprecipitationanomalyinChinainthedecadalscale.Resultsshowthatthepositivemeridionaltemperatureanomalytransportsdownwardfromuppertroposphericlayersinmiddle-highlatitudesnorthof25°Ninthepositiveyears.Inthezonaldirection,theTibetanPlateauheatinginthesuccessivespringactsasaforcetoinfluencetheatmosphere,leadingtotherapidtemperaturewarmingovereasternChinesecontinent,whichcouldincreasetheland-seathermalcontrastwiththenegativeSSTA.Accordingly,themonsoonactivityinearlysummeroverEastAsianestablishesearlierandthesummermonsoonintensitybecomesstronger.Theearlysummerprecipitationismore-than-normalovertheYangtzeRiver,andthesummerprecipitationismore-than-normaloverthenorthChinaandthesouthwestChina.Thesituationiscontraryinthenegativeyears.

简介：1ProductionandRunningStatusoffChina’sRefractoriesIndustryin2012____________________________1.1RefractoriesOutputIn2012.China’srefractoriesoutputwas28.189milliontonsdecreasingby4.43%YOY,inwhichtheoutputsofdenseshapedrefractoryproducts,insulating

简介：TheblacksoilregionofnortheastChina,whichcoverstheProvincesofHeilongjiang,JilinandtheInnerMongoliaautonomousregionwithblacksoil,chernozemandmeadowsoil,hasexperiencedsoilerosionsinceintenseagriculturalreclamationbeganapproximately100yearsago.However,thesedimentdeliveryratio,definedasthefractionofgrosserosionthatistransportedfromagivenareainagiventimeinterval,isstillunclear.Inthisstudy,wecalculatedthedeliveryratioandanalysedchangesinerosiveprocesseswithinHebeicatchmentfrom1977to2007basedonananalysisofsedimentsoftheLiuduireservoir.Theoriginalvegetationlayerclearlyidentifiedthebottomofthereservoirwhenitwasconstructedin1977;thus,thereservoirsedimentscouldbepreciselydated.Thedeliveryratio,calculatedbycomparingthesedimentdepositioninthereservoirwiththetotalsoilerosionintheupstreamcatchment,wasfoundtobeexponentiallycorrelated(r~2=0.95,P<0.01)withdecreasinggrainsize,exceptforthefraction<0.002mm.Thedeliveryratiofortheclays(<0.002mm)waslow,averaging0.10duringthestudyperiod,whichindicatedpartialremovalofclaysfromthereservoir.Thechangesinthereservoirdepositionratereflectedthetemporalchangesintheerosionprocesses.Theexceptionallyhighrainfallin1998wasconfirmedbythedistributionsof~(137)Cs,~(210)Pb,andthegrain-sizeofthesediments.Beginningfromthepositionoftheoriginalgrasslayer,wedefinedthreeperiodsfrom1977to2007basedondepositionrates:2.40cmyear~(-1)from1977to1997,5.60cmyear~(-1)in1998duetounusuallyhighrainfall,and1.55cmyear~(-1)from1999to2007.Theoverallaveragedepositionratefortheentireperiodwas2.26cmyear~(-1).Precipitationwasfoundtobethemainfactoraffectingthesoilerosionofthestudyarea.

简介：ThearticlewasextractedfromNewMaterialsIndustryRareearthpermanentmagneticmaterialsheadedbySm-CoandNdFeBhavethehighestmagneticpropertyamongallotherpermanentmagneticmaterialstoday.Theyarewidelyusedinmanyfieldsofnationaleconomysuchasinformation&communications,electronics,medicalequipment

简介：诺姆·乔姆斯基（NoamChomsky）是美国麻省理工学院教授，转换生成语法的创始人，是举世公认的著名语言学家、哲学家和当代认知科学之父。他于1957年创立转换生成理论，世界范围内影响巨大，并以此改变了语言学理论的发展走向。多年来，乔姆斯基对中国的外语教育极为关注，尤其重视与国家基础教育实验中心外语教育研究中心的理论探讨，他以电子邮件的方式解答了语言教学理论与实践方面的诸多问题。该访谈个别之处包含纯语言学知识，略显深奥一点，广大英语教师通过深入阅读，仍然能够较好地理解外语教学的理念、方法、教师、学习者、教学资源等内容，以达到融会贯通之目的。本刊现将最近十余年的访谈汇集、整理，冠以如下题目，分两期刊出，以飨读者。

简介：在为中国和邻近的海的沿海的水的多重十年(19582008)的新地区性的海洋分析被在CORA(中国海洋分析)下面的数据和信息服务(NMDIS)投射的国家水兵完成了。评估在三个方面上被执行：(1)一般分析质量的改进；(2)旋涡组织；并且(3)海表面高度异例(SSHA)的十的可变性。结果证明新分析的质量超过40%被提高了(39%为温度，44%为咸度)以根的减小，分析为珍视的均方差(RMSE)与在观察空间的观察价值相比。比作在2009推出到公众的试用版本，新分析能复制在卫星并且在situ观察看的更多的详细旋涡结构。分析SSHA的文件结束分析证明新分析重建比旧版本好一些的SSHA的领先的模式。这些评估建议新CORA地区性的分析为中国和邻近的海的沿海的水的社区代表更有用的数据集。

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简介：Thedistributionofthesuspendedsedimentconcentration(SSC)intheBohaiSea,YellowSeaandEastChinaSea(BYECS)isstudiedbasedontheobservedturbiditydataandmodelsimulationresults.Theobservedturbidityresultsshowthat(i)thehighestSSCisfoundinthecoastalareaswhileintheoutershelfseaareasturbidwaterismuchmoredifficulttoobserve,(ii)thesurfacelayerSSCismuchlowerthanthebottomlayerSSCand(iii)thewinterSSCishigherthanthesummerSSC.TheRegionalOceanModelingSystem(ROMS)isusedtosimulatetheSSCdistributionintheBYECS.AcomparisonbetweenthemodeledSSCandtheobservedSSCintheBYECSshowsthatthemodeledSSCcanreproducetheprincipalfeaturesoftheSSCdistributionintheBYECS.Thedynamicmechanismsofthesedimenterosionandtransportprocessesarestudiedbasedonthemodeledresults.ThehorizontaldistributionoftheSSCintheBYECSismainlydeterminedbythecurrent-waveinducedbottomstressandthefine-grainsedimentdistribution.Thecurrent-inducedbottomstressismuchhigherthanthewave-inducedbottomstress,whichmeansthetidalcurrentsplayamoresignificantroleinthesedimentresuspensionthanthewindwaves.TheverticalmixingstrengthisstudiedbasedonthemixedlayerdepthandtheturbulentkineticenergydistributionintheBYECS.Thestrongwintertimeverticalmixing,whichismainlycausedbythestrongwindstressandsurfacecooling,leadstohighsurfacelayerSSCinwinter.HighsurfacelayerSSCinsummerisrestrictedinthecoastalareas.

简介：Inthispaper,theprogressanddevelopmentonremotesensingtechnologyappliedinearthquakemonitoringresearcharesummarized,suchasdifferentialinterferencesyntheticapertureradar(D-InSAR),infraredremotesensing,andseismo-ionosphericdetecting.Manynewmonitoringdatainthisdomainhavebeenused,andnewdataprocessingmethodshavebeendevelopedtoobtainhigh-precisionimagesaboutcrustaldeformation,outgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR),surfacelatentheatflux(SLHF),andionosphericparameters.Thedevelopmentinmonitoringtechnologyanddataprocessingtechniquelargelyenrichesearthquakeresearchinformationandprovidesnewtoolsforearthquakestereoscopemonitoringsystem,especiallyonthespacepart.Finally,newdevelopingtrendinthisareawasintroduced,andsomekeyproblemsinfutureworkwerepointedout.