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简介：Chinaachievedmajorprogressinlow-carbondevelopmentduringtheperiodofthe11thFiveYearPlan(2006-2010).Theincreasingtrendofenergyintensityandcarbonintensityoftheeconomyasseenpriorto2005wasreversedtoasharpdecreasingtrend,leadingtoa19%decreaseinenergyintensityand21%decreaseincarbonintensityinfiveyears.Theenhancedenergyefficiency,mostlyduetoefficiencyimprovementinpowerandmanufacturingsector,isthemajordriverofthedecreaseincarbonintensityoftheeconomy.Thedevelopmentofrenewableenergy,despiteitsimpressivegrowthrate,playedaminorrolebecauseofitssmallshareintheenergymixofthecountry.Energycon-sumptionandenergy-relatedcarbonemissionsperunitofareainbuildingcontinuedtogrowatalesserrate,which,combinedwiththefastgrowthoftotalbuildingvolume,ledtofastgrowthintotalenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissionsinthesector.Similartrendisobservedinthetransportationsectorwhosetotalenergyuseandcarbonemissionscontinuedtogrowfastdespiteslightimprovementinenergyefficiency.Agriculturalenergyuseexperiencedaslightchangeandforestrymadeamajorcontributiontocarbonsinks.Policyandinstitutionalinnovationshelpedbuildasolidsystemofrulesforlow-carbondevelopment.Improvingcosteffectivenessofthesystemremainsamajorchallengeforthenextfiveyearplanperiod.

简介：用第一原则的计算，基于密度，功能的理论和nonequilibrium草地工作形式主义，我们通过金属酞毒学习了旋转运输(MPc，M=Ni，Fe，公司，Mn，Cr)分子与金nanowire电极连接了。我们发现MnPc，FePc，和CrPc分子的设备展出与CoPc和NiPc相比过滤效果的完美的旋转。而且，否定微分抵抗出现在FePc分子的设备。在不同偏爱电压的传播系数进一步被介绍理解这现象。这些结果将在为未来纳米技术设计设备是有用的。

简介：ResultsofinelasticneutronscatteringexperinientsandabinitiomoleculardynamicssimulationsforGeTe一theparentcompoundofphase-changematerialsarereported.TheinelasticneutronspectraofGeTepowdersampleshavebeendeterminedinthetemperaturerangeextendingfrom300to700K.Thephononpeaksundergothermalshiftsresultingfromanharmoniceffectsbeingweakerforacousticthanopticmodes.AsmallconcentrationoffreechargecarriesarisingfromthepresenceofGe-vacancieswasfoundnottoaffectsignificantlytheneutronweightedphonondensitiesofstatesofGeTe.Thespectralpatternchangesqualitativelyacrossthestructuralphasetransition,butthelocalstructureofGeTeremainshardlyaffected,asconfirmedbytheanalysisoftemperaturedependenceofthepairdistributionfunctionobtainedfromabinitiomoleculardynamicsinvestigations.Thepresenttheoreticalstudiessupportinawideextentourexperimentalobservationsandalsothoseprovidedbylocalprobemethods.

简介：在这份报纸，我们讨论一个适应混合压力为线性弹性问题的四边的网孔上的有限元素方法。处理在适应网孔精炼产生的挂的节点，我们建议混合应力的新转变类型有5～7个节点的四边的元素。特别地，我们导出一个priori错误评价让5-节点转变混血儿压力元素证明它是免费的从锁泊松，在错误跳了在的意义priori估计独立于瘸的常数。我们介绍，为四边的网孔，refinement/coarsening算法，不要求明确地存储精炼树，并且给一个适应算法。最后，我们提供一些数字结果。[从作者抽象]

简介：Anumericalsimulationisperformedtofindoutakeyvorticalstructureinthelaminar-turbulenttransition.Alow-speedstreakisgeneratedinsidealaminarboundarylayerusinganisolatedcuboidroughness,aimedatprovidinganenvironmentunstabletoouterdisturbances.Then,ashortdurationjetisissuedintotheboundarylayer.Whenthejetvelocityislow,somevorticesappearintheboundarylayer,butthetransitionoftheboundarylayerdoesnottakeplace.However,whenthejetvelocityexceedsacertainthreshold,twovorticesnewlyappearabovetheelongatedlegsofaV-shapedvortexandonlyoneofthemisstretchedandsurvives.Afterthat,vorticesaregeneratedoneafteranotheraroundthesurvivedone.Bycomparingthedecayedandthesurvivedvortices,itisfoundthatthedifferenceintheirheightsisthekeycharacteristicwhichleadstothetransition.

简介：MaLi,female,bornin1950,ConsultanttotheStateCouncil,memberofEducation,Science,CultureandPublicHealthCommitteeofNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC)ofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,deputytotheNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC),Vice

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简介：Apiece-wisetransitiondetectionalgorithmthatperformsdisplacementmeasurementsforself-mixingsensorsisdeveloped.Thealgorithmcancorrectlydetectself-mixingfringesatalowsignal-to-noiseratiointhepresenceofdisturbanceswithoutfiltering.Displacementreconstructionsbythephaseunwrappingmethodbasedonthisalgorithmareexperimentallyvalidated,withlasersubjecttothemoderatefeedbackregime.

简介：OnthebasisofthesoundvelocitymeasurementsofthecoralreefcorefromNanyongNo.1wellofYongshuReefintheNanshaIslands,thepaperstudiestherelationsbetweentheverticalsoundvelocitytransitionfeaturesinthecoralreefcoreandthecorrespondingstratigraphicdepositionalfacieschangeaswellasstratigraphicgapoferosion,analysesthecauseofthesoundvelocitytransition,expoundstheconcreteprocessofthesealevelchangeresultinginthestratigraphicgapoferosionandfacieschangeinthecoralreefandexplainstherelationsbetweentheverticalsoundvelocitytransitioninthecoralreefcoreandthecorrespondingstratigraphicpaleoclimateandthesealevelchange.ThisstudyisofimportantpracticalvalueandtheoreticalsignificancetotheislandandreefengineeringconstructionandtheacousticloggingforoilexplorationinthereeflimestoneareaaswellasthepaleoceanographicstudyofthemarginalseainthewestermPacificOcean.

简介：Temporalmodedirectnumericalsimulationwasdonefortheprocessoflaminar-turbulenttransitioninanincompressibleboundarylayeronaflatplate.Theanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatduringthebreakdownprocessoflaminar-turbulenttransition,themodificationofthemeanflowprofilebythedisturbancesledtoaremarkablechangeinitsstabilitycharacteristics,manifestedinthesignificantenlargementofthelinearunstablezoneandthemaximumamplificationrate,andledtothatmanymoredisturbanceswereexcitedandenhancedrapidly,correspondinglytheturbulentenergyalsoincreasedrapidly,andthemeanflowprofilesevolvedswiftlyfromlaminartoturbulent.Itwasalsofoundthatiftheobliquewavesintheinitialdisturbancesdidnotformsymmetricalpairs,thesubsequentspan-wisemeanvelocitieswould,ingeneral,benonzeroduetononlinearinteraction,whichwouldhaveagreateffectonthestabilitycharacteristicsandalsoimpliedthattheturbulenceobtainedbydirectnumericalsimulationmightnotbefullyarandomprocess.

简介：AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by acute renal dysfunction, is an increasingly common clinical problem and an important risk factor in the subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Regardless of the initial insults, the progression of CKD after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including renal resident cells and immune cells such as macrophages. Recently, the involvements of macrophages in AKI-to-CKD transition have garnered significant attention. Furthermore, substantial progress has also been made in elucidating the pathophysiological functions of macrophages from the acute kidney to repair or fibrosis. In this review, we highlight current knowledge regarding the roles and mechanisms of macrophage activation and phenotypic polarization, and transdifferentiation in the development of AKI-to-CKD transition. In addition, the potential of macrophage-based therapy for preventing AKI-to-CKD transition is also discussed.

简介：AIM:ToexplorethemolecularmechanismsinlensdevelopmentandthepathogenesisofPetersanomalyinSmad4defectivemice.METHODS:Le-CretransgenicmouselinewasemployedtoinactivateSmad4inthesurfaceectodermselectively.PathologicaltechniqueswereusedtorevealthemorphologicalchangesoftheanteriorsegmentinSmad4defectiveeye.ImmunohistochemicalstainingwasemployedtoobservetheexpressionofE-cadherin,Ncadherinanda-SMAinanteriorsegmentofSmad4defectivemiceandcontrolmiceatembryonic(E)day16.5.Real-timequantitativepolymerasechainreaction(qPCR)wasperformedtodetecttheexpressionofSnail,Zeb1,Zeb2andTwist2inlensofSmad4defectivemiceandcontrolmiceatE16.5.RESULTS:ConditionaldeletionofSmad4oneyesurfaceectodermresultedincorneaidysplasia,iridocornealangleclosure,corneolenticularadhesionsandcataractresemblingPetersanomaly.LossofSmad4functioninhibitedE-cadherinexpressioninthelensepitheliumcellsandcorneaiepitheliumcellsinSmad4defectiveeye.ExpressionofN-cadherinwasupregulatedincorneaiepitheliumandcorneaistroma.BothE-cadherinandN-cadherinweredown-regulatedatthefuturetrabecularmeshworkregioninmutanteye.TheqPCRresultsshowedthattheexpressionofTwist2wasincreasedsignificantlyinthemutantlens(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Smad4isessentialtoeyedevelopmentandlikelyacandidatepathogenicgenetoPetersanomalybyregulatingepithelial-mesenchymaltransition.Twist2canberegulatedbySmad4andplaysanessentialroleinlensdevelopment.

简介：Objective:Theaimofthepresentstudywastoanalyzetheprognosticfactorsinpatientswithhepatoblastoma(HB)inoursinglecenterandtoevaluateperiostin(POSTN)expressioninHBanditsassociationwithclinicopathologicalvariables.Inaddition,theunderlyingmechanismofhowPOSTNpromotesHBprogressionwasdiscussed.Methods:POSTNexpressionwasinvestigatedinHBtumorsbyimmunohistochemistry(IHC),immunofluorescence(IF)andWesternblot(WB).TheassociationamongPOSTNexpression,clinicopathologicalfeaturesandoverallsurvival(OS)wasalsoevaluated.ThemigrationandadhesionabilityofHBcellsweremeasuredusingchemotaxisandcell-matrixadhesionassays,respectively.Epithelial-mesenchymaltransition(EMT)-associatedmarkersandactivationoftheERKpathwayweredetectedbyWB.Results:HBpatientshadpoorprognosiswhichdisplayedlymphnodemetastasis,vascularinvasion,POSTNandvimentinexpression.POSTNexpressionwasalsoassociatedwithlymphnodemetastasis.Furthermore,overexpressedPOSTNpromotedmigrationandtheadhesiveabilityofHBcellsinvitro.Inaddition,wedemonstratedthatPOSTNactivatedtheMAPK/ERKpathway,upregulatedtheexpressionofSnailanddecreasedtheexpressionofOVOL2.Finally,POSTNpromotedtheexpressionofEMT-associatedmarkers.Conclusions:POSTNmightmodulateEMTviatheERKsignalingpathway,therebypromotingcellularmigrationandinvasion.OurstudyalsosuggeststhatPOSTNmayserveasatherapeuticbiomarkerinHBpatients.

简介：Theelectromechanicalphasetransitionforadielectricelastomer(DE)tubehasbeendemonstratedinrecentexperiments,whereitisfoundthattheunbulgedphasegraduallychangedintobulgedphase.Previoustheoreticalworksonlystudiedthetransitionprocessunderpressurecontrolcondition,whichisnotconsistentwiththerealexperimentalcondition.Thispaperfocusesonmorecomplexfeaturesoftheelectromechanicalphasetransitionunderinternalpressureofconstantmass.WederivetheequilibriumequationsandtheconditionforcoexistentstatesforaDEtubeunderaninternalpressure,avoltagethroughthethicknessandanaxialforce.Wefindthatundermasscontrolconditionthevoltageneededtomaintainthephasetransitionincreasesastheprocessproceeds.Weanalyzetheentireprocessofelectromechanicalphasetransitionandfindthattheevolutionofconfigurationsisalsodifferentfromthatforpressurecontrolcondition.

简介：Aseriesofthehybridtetranueleareubanelikeelustereompoundshavebeeninvestigatedsystematieally.Studyofthesenewtypeeomplexeshavebeenattraetedmuehattentionbyehernistsreeently,beeauseoftheirstrueturaleharaeterizatiox飞andspeeifie

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简介：有100，200和300祷告的链长度的单个聚合物链的结构的转变被平行temperingMD模拟调查。我们的模拟结果能与减少的温度从随机的卷捕获结构的变化到orientationally订的结构。清楚的转变作为温度的功能在旋转和全球orientational顺序参数P的半径的曲线上被观察，它表明了单个聚合物链的结构的形成。在旋转Rgx的方形的半径的三个部件之间的线性关系2，Rgy2，Rgz2并且全球orientational顺序P能在在结构上transformational过程下面被获得。在x之间的线性关系的斜坡(或Y轴)部件Rgx2(或Rgy2)并且P是否定的，当时Rgz，2作为P的功能是积极的。斜坡的绝对值与链长度成正比。一旦单个聚合物链拿随机的卷或订的配置，线性关系是无效的。conformational变化也在显微镜的规模上被分析。聚合物链能被当作由灵活的环连接的僵硬的茎的构造。从茎长度分发的指数地减少的行为的偏差变得突出，显示一链使硬产生导致与减少的温度处于trans状态结束的越来越多的片断。茎长度Ntr是大约21张契约显示聚合物链与特定的褶层长度被订。那么，模拟结果，显示出液体水晶的聚合物链的原型，是有用的理解水晶的聚合物的结晶化过程。