简介：TheestablishmentoftheSouth-Asianhigh(SAH)inAprilandMayovertheIndochinaPeninsula(IP)isinvestigatedbasedontheERA-40reanalysisdata.TheresultshowsthattheSAHisgeneratedandstrengthenedovertheIPlocally,ratherthanmovingwestwardtotheIPfromtheWesternPacific.AftertheSAHestablishmentthetropicaluppertropospherictrough(TUTT)formsabovetheoceantotheeastofthePhilippines.WehavefoundthattheprincipaltriggeringfactorofboththeSAHconstructionandtheTUTTformationisthevariationintheSouthernAsianatmosphericdiabaticheatingregime.InlateApril,boththeclimbingeffectofShanPlateauandthelocalsurfacesensibleheatingcontributetolocalrainfallovertheIP.Thenthelocalupdraftandupper-airdivergencearestrengthened,beingresponsiblefortheSAHformedinthesouthernpartoftheIP.AsconvectionmovesnorthwardalongtheAustralian-Asian"maritimecontinent"andtheBayofBengal(BoB)summermonsoonbegins,theconvectionisintensifiedinMayontheeasternBoB.ThestrongconvectionresultsintheSAHenhancingandexpandingwestward,accompaniedbyreinforcedmeridionalflowtotheeastofSAH,whereresponsesofthecirculationtodiabaticheatingarriveataquasi-steadystate.Meanwhile,becauseofthepositivegeopotentialvorticityadvectionresultingfromupperequatorwardflow,thelocalpositiverelativevorticityincreasesovertheoceantotheeastofthePhilippines,makingthetropicaluppertropospherictrough(TUTT)formaround150°E.

简介：肿瘤坏死factor-α；(TNF-α；)驾驶原子factor-κ；B(NF-κ；B)激活和apoptosis正在反对小径；TNF-α的这些冲突角色的成长识别；正在困惑。这里，我们证明那发炎和apoptosis是跟随TNF-α的分阶段执行时间的事件；发信号并且表明3的cytokine(SOCS3)的suppressor的那出现表示限制进行中的NF-κ；B激活并且支持apoptosis；进一步，我们建议煽动性的疾病怎么被开始并且支撑的一个改变的看法。在vitro，TNF-α；(50ng/ml)导致了granulocyteSOCS3蛋白质，p65NF-κ的禁止的原子累积；B子单元和提高的apoptosis由DNAladdering出现在迟了的阶段的caspase-3和Bax的annexinV确实，和overexpression，而早阶段由NF-κ是显著的；B激活。相反地，由小介入RNA(siRNA)击倒的SOCS3禁止了granulocyteapoptosis并且提高了p65和5′的原子累积；在TNF-α的迟了的阶段的lipooxygenase表示；发信号。当apoptosis与SOCS3丰富被联系，我们建议那这些分叉的TNF-α；驾驶事件是分阶段执行时间的，互连的、反对控制机制并且免疫系统通过解决的中央特征之一肺的发炎。Dysregulation可以开始mucosal发炎，因此改变气喘治疗的风景。

简介：Thenanoscaletitaniacoatedsilicawaspreparedviaatwo-stepprecipitatingapproach,wherethenanoscalesilicanucleiwerefirstpreparedbypassinganaqueoussolutionofsodiumsilicatethroughanion-exchangeresinbed,thencoatedwiththeprecipitationfromhydrolyzedbutyltitanateinanethanol-hexanemixtureatalowpHvalueinthepresenceofpoly(ethyleneoxide)polyaminesalt(PPA)atahightemperatureof90℃.Inthesecond-stepprecipitatingprocess,thespontaneouslyprecipitatedtitaniashellonthesilicanucleiwasstabilizedinthesuspensionsolutionwiththehelpoftheadsorptionofPPAontheparticles.Apossibleprecipitatingmechanismwassuggested.Furthermore,theamorphoustitaniashellcouldundergocrystallizationfromtheamorphoustotheanatasestructureatahightemperatureof650℃,andafurtherphasetransitionfromtheanatasetotherutilestructureinthedifferentsinteringprocessesatarisingtemperatureof750℃.

简介：AbstractBackground:Estrogen is involved in the pathophysiological process of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role. Upregulation of aquaporin (AQP) 5, which is directly activated by estrogen, has been reported to promote EMT in multiple cells. This study aimed to examine the effects of AQP5 on estrogen-induced EMT in the prostate.Methods:Normal prostate (NP) tissue samples without any histopathological changes and BPH tissue samples with pathologically confirmed hyperplasia were obtained. An EMT cell model was subsequently established by adding estradiol (E2) to RWPE-1 cells, after which AQP5 knockdown was performed. Tissue morphological and immunohistochemical features were examined using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of AQPs, estrogen receptors, and EMT-related proteins. Cell proliferation was assessed and supernatants were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentrations. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess protein expressions in RWPE-1 cells.Results:BPH tissues exhibited greater EMT (TGF-β1: 1.362 ± 0.196 vs. 0.107 ± 0.067, P = 0.003; vimentin: 1.581 ± 0.508 vs. 0.221 ± 0.047, P < 0.001; E-cadherin: 0.197 ± 0.188 vs. 1.344 ± 0.088, P < 0.001), higher AQP5 (1.268 ± 0.136 vs. 0.227 ± 0.055, P < 0.001) and estrogen receptor (ER) α (1.250 ± 0.117 vs. 0.329 ± 0.134, P < 0.001) expression but lower ERβ (0.271 ± 0.184 vs. 1.564 ± 0.130, P < 0.001) expression than NP tissues. E2-stimulated cells had higher AQP5 expression (1.298 ± 0.058 vs. 1.085 ± 0.104, P = 0.049), increased cell proliferation (1.510 ± 0.089 vs.1.000 ± 0.038, P < 0.001), and EMT (TGF-β1 concentration: 0.352 ± 0.021 ng/mL vs. 0.125 ± 0.014 ng/mL, P < 0.001; vimentin: 1.641 ± 0.120 vs. 0.188 ± 0.020, P = 0.002; E-cadherin: 0.075 ± 0.030 vs. 0.843 ± 0.046, P < 0.001) than controls. E2-stimulated cells with AQP5 knockdown exhibited decreased EMT (TGF-β1 concentration: 0.223 ± 0.041 ng/mL vs. 0.352 ± 0.021 ng/mL, P= 0.016; vimentin: 0.675 ± 0.056 vs. 1.641 ± 0.120, P = 0.001; E-cadherin: 0.159 ± 0.037 vs. 0.075 ± 0.030, P = 0.040) than E2-stimulated cells with non-related small interfering RNA (siRNA).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that estrogen induces BPH possibly by promoting AQP5 expression. Hence, AQP5 might be a novel target for modulating EMT in prostate epithelial cells.

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简介：包含4-tert-butyltoluene一半的一系列新奇聚酰胺3a3d，用phosphorylationpolycondensation技术被准备。英尺红外和1HNMR技术被用来调查3a3d的化学结构。结果证实他们完全为3a3d同意了建议结构。3a3d有固有的粘性从0.71～1.67dL

简介：Sixtransitionmetaloxideswereaddedinceria-modifiedtitaniausingasol-gelmethodforcatalyticoxidationoftoluene.AnMnOxbasedcatalystwasfoundtobethemostactiveone,withwhichtoluenecouldbedecomposedcompletelyat200oC.ThegreatestMn/Tiandmolarratioofthemobileoxygentothetotaloxygenconcentration,togetherwithalargesurfaceareaandalowreductionpeak-startingtemperature,wouldresultinitsbestactivityintolueneoxidation.

简介：Themeasurementaccuracyofanultrasonicheatmeterdependsontherelationshipoftheprofile-linearaveragevelocity.Therearevariousmethodsforthecalculationofthelaminarandturbulenceflowregions,butfewmethodsforthetransitionregion.Atpresent,thetraditionalmethodtodealwiththetransitionregionistoadopttherelationshipfortheturbulentflowregion.Inthisarticle,asimplifiedmodelofthepipeisusedtostudythecharacteristicsofthetransitionflowwithspecificReynoldsnumber.Thek-εmodelandtheLargeEddySimulation(LES)modelare,respectively,usedtocalculatetheflowfieldofthetransitionregion,andacomparisonwiththeexperimentresultsshowsthattheLESmodelismoreeffectivethanthek-εmodel,itisalsoshownthattherewillbealargeerroriftherelationshipbasedontheturbulenceflowisusedtocalculatetheprofile-linearaveragevelocityrelationshipofthetransitionflow.Theprofile-linearaveragevelocityfortheReynoldsnumberrangingfrom5300to10000arecalculated,andtherelationshipcurveisobtained.Theresultsofthisarticlecanbeusedtoimprovethemeasurementaccuracyofultrasonicheatmeterandprovideatheoreticalbasisfortheresearchofthewholetransitionflow.

简介：Shigellaflexneriisaninfectiouspathogenthatcausesdysenterytohuman,whichremainsaseriousthreattopublichealth,particularlyindevelopingcountries.Inthisstudy,theglobalproteinexpressionpatternsofS.flexneriduringtransitionfromexponentialgrowthtostationaryphaseinvitrowereanalyzedbyusing2-DPAGEcombinedwithMALDI-TOFMS.Inatime-courseexperimentwithfivetimepoints,therelativeabundanceof49proteinspotsvariedsignificantly.In-terestingly,aputativeoutermembraneproteinYciD(OmpW)wasalmostnotdetectedintheexponentialgrowthphasebutbecameoneofthemostabundantproteinsinthewholestationary-phaseproteome.SomeproteinsregulatedbytheglobalregulatorFNRwerealsosignificantlyinduced(suchasAnsB,AspA,FrdAB,andKatG)orrepressed(suchasAceEF,OmpX,SodA,andSucAB)duringthegrowthphasetransition.Theseproteinsmaybethekeyeffectorsofthebacterialcellcycleorplayimportantrolesinthecellularmaintenanceandstressresponses.Ourexpressionprofiledataprovidevaluableinformationforthestudyofbacterialphysiologyandformthebasisforfutureproteomicanalysesofthispathogen.

简介：<正>OnSeptember.17,2013,thefifthChinaEcologicalandGreenCompetitivenessConferencewasheldinDatong,Shanxi.Thisconferenceisco-organizedbytheCCPIT,EconomicCommitteeoftheCCPCCandNationalForestryBureau.Theconferencecontinuesitspragmaticstylewithglobalinsight,andfocusesitsdiscussionsaroundtopicslike"fromblacktogreencivilization"and"new

简介：OpticalabsorptionandemissionintensitiesofNd3+ioninKLu(WO4)2crystalwereinvestigated.BasedontheJudd-Offelttheory,wecalculatedthefollowingspectralparameters:phenomenologicalintensityparametersΩ2=5.567×10–20,Ω4=3.597×10–20,andΩ6=3.800×10–20cm2.Theradiativelifetimeoflevels4F3/2was182.58μs.Thefluorescencebranchingratioforthetransition4F3/2→4I11/2was46.98%.Inaddition,theradiativetransitionprobabilitiesAJ,J’,oscillatorstrengthsPJ,J’andthevaluesofinte...

简介：AIMTo评估人的透镜上皮房间apoptosis并且对femtosecond激光在有到N3的N2的帮助奔流外科(FLACS).METHODSSixty奔流病人根据LOCSIII上演的femtosecond激光导致的间充质的转变(EMT)上皮在这研究被注册并且随机把组划分了成三：FLACS1组(由有LenSx的FLACS的奔流外科)，FLACS2组(由有LensAR的FLACS的奔流外科)和用手的组(由phacoemulsification的奔流外科)。在二个FLACS组的病人由LenSx或LensAR激光系统执行了前面的capsulotomy。在用手的组的病人被执行连续曲线的capsulorrhexis(CCC)手工地。恰好在从眼睛移动了以后，前面的囊被修理。在奔流surgery.RESULTSThe囊优势被病理学的染色在用手的capsulotomy在二个FLACS组和光滑的边看不规则和粗糙以后，染色的Hematoxylin-eosine，immunofluorescence染色和即时PCR被执行以便观察人的透镜上皮房间变化。有部分肿、破坏的原子核的房间配置的不规则在二个FLACS组被观察。Femtosecond激光能比手工地执行的CCC在人的透镜上皮房间导致显著地更高的房间apoptosis(P<0.05)。透镜上皮房间apoptosis根据皮尔森关联分析与femtosecond激光持续时间被相关。在二个FLACS组的减少的N-cadherin表示，alpha-SMA和FSP-1水平证明房间EMT.CONCLUSIONFemtosecond激光的抑制可以影响在剥的中央透镜囊下面的透镜上皮房间的apoptosis和EMT。

简介：ThetemperaturedependenceofresistivityρofYSZdopingcompositeof(1-x)La0.67Ca0.33MnO3+xYSZandY2O3dopingcompositeof(1-y)La0.67MnO3+yY2O3isinvestigated,respectively,inatemperaturerange77-300K,wheretheYSZrepresentsyttria-stabilizedzirconia(8mol%Y2O3+92mol%ZrO2).ExperimentalresultsshowthattheYSZdopinglevelhasimportanteffectsonboththemetal-insulator(M-I)transitiontemperaturesandzerofieldresistivityofthecompositesof(1-x)La0.67Ca0.33MnO3+xYSZ.However,theY2O3dopinglevelhaslittleeffectontheM-Itransitiontemperaturesandthezerofieldresistivityof(1-y)La0.67Ca0.33MnO3+yY2O3onlyincreasesslightly.Thedifferencebetweenthetwotypesofcompositesmaymainlyresultsfromthedifferentdistributionofhighresistancephasesatthegrainboundariesand/orsurfacesofLa0.67Ca0.33MnO3grainsratherthanthesubstitutionofLa^3+ionswithY^3+ions.

简介：Background:Tropicaldryforestscoverlessthan13%oftheworld'stropicalforestsandtheirareaandbiodiversityaredeclining.InsouthernAfrica,themajorthreatisincreasingpopulationpressure,whiledroughtcausedbyclimatechangeisapotentialthreatinthedriertransitionzonestoshrubland.Monitoringclimatechangeimpactsinthesetransitionzonesisdifficultasthereisinadequateinformationonforestcompositiontoallowdisentanglementfromotherenvironmentaldrivers.Methods:Thisstudycombinedhistoricalandmodernforestinventoriescoveringanareaof21,000km~2inatransitionzoneinNamibiaandAngolatodistinguishlatesuccessiontreecommunities,tounderstandtheirdependenceonsitefactors,andtodetecttrendsintheforestcompositionoverthelast40years.Results:Thewoodlandsweredominatedbysixtreespeciesthatrepresented84%ofthetotalbasalareaandcanbereferredtoasBaikiaea-Pterocarpuswoodlands.Aboostedregressiontreeanalysisrevealedthatlatesuccessiontreecommunitiesareprimarilydeterminedbyclimateandtopography.TheSchinziophytonrautaneniiandBaikiaeaplurijugacommunitiesarecommononslightlyinclinedduneorvalleyslopesandhadthehighestbasalarea(5.5-6.2m~2ha~(-1)).TheBurkeaafricana-GuibourtiacoleospermaandPterocarpusangolensis-Dialiumenglerianumcommunitiesaretypicalforthesandyplateauxandhaveahigherproportionofsmallerstemscausedbyahigherfirefrequency.AdecreaseinoverallbasalareaoratrendofincreasingdominationbythemoredroughtandcoldresilientB.africanacommunitywasnotconfirmedbythehistoricaldata,butthereweresignificantdecreasesinbasalareaforOchnapulchraandthevaluablefruittreeD.englerianum.Conclusions:Theslopecommunitiesaremoreshelteredfromfire,frostanddroughtbutaremoresusceptibletohumanexpansion.ThecommunitywiththeimportanttimbertreeP.angolensiscanbestwithstandhighfirefrequencybutshowssignsofahighervulnerabilitytoclimatechange.Conse

简介：Shape-inducedphasetransitionofvortexdomainstructures(VDSs)inBaTiO_3(BT)nanodotsunderopencircuitboundaryconditionhavebeeninvestigatedusinganeffectiveHamiltonianmethod.OurcalculationindicatesthetetragonalVDSmissingincubicBTnanodotscanbeinducedbyvaryingtheshapeofananodotfromcubetoplatelet.Interestingly,anovelVDSisfoundinBTnanoplateletsinoursimulations.Furtherinvestigationshowsthatitisaresultofcompromisebetweenthegroundstateandthesymmetryoftheshapeofthenanodot.Furthermore,basedonthenovelVDS,routesofcontrollingVDSsgovernedbyhomogeneouselectricfieldanduniformstressarediscussed.Inparticular,ourresultsshowthepossibilityofdesigningmulti-statesdevicesbasedonasingleVDS.

简介：Aterahertz（THz）polarizerandswitchstructureisproposedbasedonthephasetransitionofvanadiumdioxide（VO2）.WhenVO2isintheinsulationphase,theresonancefrequenciesoftheproposedstructureare1.49THzand1.22THzforthex-andy-polarization,respectively.ItcanperformasaTHzpolarizerwithextinctionratiosof52.5dBand17dBforthey-andx-polarization,respectively;WhenVO2transformsintometallicphase,theresonancefrequencyforx-polarizationwaveshiftsfrom1.49THzto1.22THz,whilethatremainsstillforthey-polarizationcomponent.Itmeansthatthestructurecanworkasapolarization-dependentTHzswitchwithahighextinctionratioof32dB.

简介：Fifty-eightextratropicaltransition(ET)casesintheyears2000-2008,including2,021observations(at6-hourintervals),overthewesternNorthPacificareanalyzedusingthecyclonephasespace(CPS)method,inanefforttogetthecharacteristicsofthestructureevolutionandenvironmentalconditionsoftropicalcyclones(TCs)duringEToverthisarea.ClusteranalysisoftheCPSdatasetshowsthatstrongTCsaremorelikelytoundergoET.ETbeginswiththeincrementofthermalasymmetryinTCs,alongwiththegenerationandintensificationofanupper-levelcoldcore,andendswiththeoccurrenceofalower-levelcoldcore.ETlastsanaveragedurationofabout28hours.Dynamiccompositeanalysisoftheenvironmentalfieldofdifferentclustersshowsthat,ingeneral,whenTCsmovenorthward,theyaregraduallyembeddedinthewesterliesandgraduallytransformintoextratropicalcyclonesundertheinfluenceofthemid-andhigher-latitudebaroclinicsystems.AsforthoseTCswhichcompleteET,thereisalwaysmuchgreaterpotentialvorticitygradientinthenorthwestofthemandobviouswatervaportransportchannelsintheenvironment.

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简介：通过吝啬地的近似，Gaussian近似，不安扩大，和一个3理论的地理论上的重正常化组分析的详细研究，我们证明不稳定性修理了理论的点，和他们的联系不稳定性代表，与可伸缩和一阶的阶段转变在一个地驱动的分级的4模型展出的普遍性行为相当可能相关，在它的批评温度和近的th下面放大并且领先修正到可伸缩的Finitetime被考虑。我们也证明一阶的阶段转变的不稳定性代表Yang庇护边奇特等价于那些，并且采用后者改进我们前者的估计。结果与存在数字结果同意很好。