简介：Theutilizationofreclaimedwatercouldbeanefficienttooltoalleviatewaterscarcity,especiallyfordryriveraugmentation.However,itiscrucialtomonitorwaterqualitytoensuresafetytohumanhealthandtoavoidnegativeeffectsontheenvironment.ReclaimedwatersampleswerecollectedbimonthlyfromMaytoNovemberin2010inChaobaiRiver,andthephysiochemicalparametersweredetermined.Themainresultsareasfollows:Theparametersexceedingthethresholdvalueofthewaterguidelinesaremainlynutritionrelatedtonitrogenandphosphorus,whichareknowntoincreasetheriskofeutrophicationinsurfacewaters.Additionally,nitriteandnitratecanbedetrimentaltohumanhealth.ThemajorityoftheparametershaveapeakingconcentrationinMay,whereasotherseithershowsignificanttemporalvariationovertheentireperiodorremainrelativelyconstantinallfourmonths.Correlationanalysisshowsthatsomeparameters(pH,TandB)havenosignificantcorrelationwithothers,whereassignificantpositivecorrelationwasfoundforSrwithECandTDS,forCIwithTDS,forSi02withTPandforNO3-NwithTNandasignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenSO4andBa.Accordingtoprincipalcomponentanalysis,60.108%ofthetotaldataisrepresentedbydominantsolutes,andthesecondprincipalcomponentwithapercentageof31.876comprisesparametersrelatedtonitrogen.Subsequentclusteranalysisofparametersidentifiedfourgroups,whichrepresentdifferentcompositions,andsamplesinMaydifferfromothers.

简介：AimtolinkingthevariabilityofdroughtinnorthwestChinatotheoceanicinfluenceofNorthAtlanticSSTsatthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandattheregionalclimatechangeshiftingstages,yeararidityindexvariationsinnorthwestChinaandsummerNorthAtlanticseasurfacetemperature(SST)variationsareexaminedforthe44aperiodof1961-2004usingsingularvaluedecomposition(SVD)analysis.ResultsshowthattheSSTanomalies(SSTA)intheNorthAtlanticinsummerreflectedthreebasicmodels.ThefirstSVDmodeofSSTpatternshowsadipole-likevariationwiththepositivecenterlocatedatsouthwestandnegativecenteratnortheastofextratropicalNorthAtlantic.AnditstronglyrelatestothepositivetrendinAIvariationinnorthwestChina.ThesecondcoupledmodesdisplaythecoherentpositiveanomaliesinextratropicalNorthAtlanticSSTandthemarkedoppositetrendofAIvariabilitybetweennorthandsouthofXinjiang.Inaddition,thelagcorrelationanalysisofthefirstmodeofSSTAandgeopotentialheightsat500hPavariationsalsoshowsthattheindicationoftheformerinfluencingthelatterconfiguration,whichresultinhigherairtemperatureandlessprecipitationwhentheSSTAintheNorthAtlanticOceaninsummermotivatedEurasiancirculationofEApattern,furthertoinfluencethewet-dryvariationsinnorthwestChinabytheocean-to-atmosphereforcing.

简介：ThereisahugeandimportantmeridinntectoniczonelnHebci-Shandong-AnhuiProvinces(castcrnNorthChina),especlallytbcoldstructuresfromnorthtosouth.Becauseitsmainpartishiddenunder-neath,andtheoutcroppingsweredisplacedandreformed.thetectoniczonecannotbenoticedforalongtime,andthemineraltalngprocessinthi8tectoni

简介：Ontheconditionthatthevelocityratioofcompressivewavetoshearwaveisstableduringthepropagatingprocessofseismicwave,thispaperdevelopsanestimationmethodformediumqualityfactorbasedonsinglestation'straveltimedifferencebetweendirectSandPwavesandthefirstperiodsignalofdirectPwave.8774highSNRwavedataaltogetherrecordedby75stationsareanalyzed.Theresultsshowthat:(1)underthenormalregionalstressfield,thequalityfactorsQmSPinthestabletectonicareaarehigherthanthatintheactivetectonicareaaroundtheWeifang-JiashansectionanditssurroundingareaintheTanlufaultzone;(2)intheJuxian-Tanchengsectiontheseismicwaveattenuationisrelativelyquick,andthemediaisrelativelybroken,suggestingnotectonicstressaccumulation;(3)theXinyi-Sihongsectioniscurrentlylockingandinaccumulatingelasticstrainenergystage,whichhasthedeepenvironmentandconditionsofstrongearthquakegenerationsimilartothoseofthe1668M8.5Tanchengstrongearthquake.

简介：MicrometeorologicalandmicroplotexperimentswereconductedinthefieldoffreshlyharvestedgreencaneinQueensland,Australia.ResultsshowedthathighammonialossoffertilizerNcouldoccurunderrelativelydryconditionswhenureaorcommercialproductofmixtureofureaandmuriateofpotashwereappliedtothesurfaceofsugarcanetrash.ThemoisturecontentinthetrashandthepHoffertilizerweretwoimportantfactorscontrollingtheprocessesofureahydrolysisandammoniavolatilization.MostoftheNinthesoilwastransformedtothenitratel-nitritefromafter70daysoffertilizerapplication.Nosignificantleachingwasfound.Urea-freeNfertilizershadhigherNrecoveriescomparedtourea-containingfertilizers.

简介：Throughdensifiedsurfacesamplingofforaminiferaandaccurateelevationmeasurementalongthreetransectlinesinopen-coasttidalsalt-marshofJianchuan,particularsalt-marshforaminiferaassemblageswerefound.Thesalt-marshforaminiferaassemblagesaredistributedinwell-definedverticalzonationswithrespecttoelevationandcloselyparallelmarshfloralzonations.Atthetopoftheverticalzonationallforaminiferadisappearabruptlywhichareaccuratelylocatedatthehighesthighwaterdatum.Thisdistributionpatterncanbeusedtorelocateformersealevelsaccurately(toanaccuracyofwithin±5cm).Amodemregionalcriterionofforaminiferaforrelocatingtheformersealevelsinhighresolutioninourcountryisprovided,anddeficienciesofstudyingtheverticalzonationonlyinshelteredcoastsalt-marshabroadarefilledup.

简介：Accordingtofieldinvestigationandinterpretationofremotesensingimages,thenorthsegmentoftheLongling-RuilifaultisaHolocenedextralstrike-slipfaultwithasmallamountofnormalfaulting.Basedonlarge-scalegeologicalmappingatsometypicallocationsandquantitativegeomorphologicdeformationmeasurementanddatinganalysis,thisfaultisaHoloceneactivefault.Thestrike-sliprateoftheLongling-Ruilifaultis2.2~2.5mm/aandverticalsliprateis0.6mm/asincethelatePleistoceneepoch.Thestrike-sliprateoftheLongling-Ruilifaultis1.8~3.0mm/aandverticalsliprateis0.5mm/asincetheHoloceneepoch.BasedonthePoissonmodel,lognormalmodelandBPTmodel,theoccurrenceprobabilityofstrongearthquakesin50yearsisestimatedtobe6.32%,0.08%and0.05%,respectively.Then,a1.82%probabilityofoccurrenceofcharacteristicearthquakeforthenorthsegmentoftheLongling-Ruilifaultisobtainedbysettingaweightof0.28,0.36and0.36tothePoissonmodel,lognormalmodelandBPTmodel,respectively.

简介：

简介：Buisomg126earthquakefocalmechanismsolutions(Ms≥4.7)duringtheperiodof1963-1998,moderntectonicstressfieldinNorthChinaisinvertedbymeansofthestepbystepconv-ergence.Theinversionresultsindicatethatthetectonicstressfieldintheresearchregionisclearlyvariationalinspaceandtime:(1)Themiddlingprincipalstressaxisó2isbasicallyver-tical.Themaximumandminimumprincipalstressaxesó1andó2arenearlyhorizontal,buttheazimuthsofó1andó3areinconsistentindifferentdistrictsandperiods.(2)BeforetheTangshanearthquakein1976,thethreeprincipalstressaxesareuniform.Theazimuthofmaximumprincipalstressaxisó1is68°(strikinginaNEE-SWWdirection).(3)AftertheTangshanearthquake,themaximumprincipalstressaxisó1andminimumprincipalstressaxisó3havevariationsindifferentdistricts.InthenorthernareaofNorthChinaandontheeasternsideoftheTancheng-Lujiangfaultzone,themaximumprincipalstressaxisó1isalsostrikinginaNEE-SWWdirection.Itsazimuthis68°.ItistheasmeasthatbeforetheTangshanearth-quake.InthesouthernareaofNorthChina,themaximumprincipalstressaxisó1isstrikinginaE-Wdirectionanditsazimuthis87°.

简介：Ｃｒａｃｋ－ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｒｕｓｔｆｒｏｍｓｈｅａｒｗａｖｅｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｉｎＴａｎｇｓｈａｎｒｅｇｉｏｎ，ＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａＹｕａｎＧＡＯ（高原）Ｓｉ－ＨｕａＺＨＥＮＧ；（郑斯华）ａｎｄＹｏｎｇ...

简介：

简介：IGCP421—""""""""NorthGondwanamid-Palaeozoicbioevent/biogeographypatternsinrelationtocrustaldynamics""""""""—wasdirectedtowardsanalysisofbioevents(especiallyglobalextinctionsandrecoveries),majorvariationinbiodiversity,andchangeinbiogeographicdifferentiationalongtheNorthGondwanacontinentalmarginduringthemid-Palaeozoic.Incidentaltothiswasintegrationofthesedatawiththebiofacies/lithofaciesdatabasefortheregioninpursuitofincreasedprecisioninstratigraphicalignmentsandimprovedpalaeogeographicandpalaeoclimatologicsyntheses.

简介：Basinmodelinghasbecomeanimportanttoolforanalyzingsedimentarybasins.TheNorthSubbasinoftheSouthYellowSeaBasinisfilledwiththickMeso-Cenozoicterrigenousdepositsduringtheriftevolutionstage.Theaccumulationofdataandachievementsofgeologicalinvestigationsinrecentyearshaveprovidedthepreconditionsforbasinmodeling.Thenecessaryparametersandgeologicalelementsforsimulationsarecollatedandsummarized.Modelingoftectono-thermalevolutionisperformedandtherelatedtrendinheatflowisreconstructedandcalibrated.Theheatflowvaluecommencesfromanaveragelevelof61mW/m~2duringMiddleLateJurassic,risestoabout80mW/m~2fromcirca145Matocirca74Ma,andthenundergoesagradualdeclineto65mW/m~2untiltheendofOligocene.Threeevolutionaryphases,namely,theinitialriftingphase,syn-riftingphase,andpost-riftingphase,havebeenidentified.ThemodelingresultsshowthattheNorthSubbasingenerallyentersintoastageofstrongriftingduringCretaceousandundergoesrapidsubsidenceuntiltheLateCretaceous,thenfollowsbyastageofmoderateriftingduringthePaleogene.Theinputandgeneralworkflowinvolvedin3-Dmodelingareintroduced.ReconstructionofthepetroleumsystemintheNorthSubbasinrevealsthatthethresholddepthofhydrocarbongenerationislocatednearthetopofthePaleogeneFuningformation,andtheunderlyingJurassicandCretaceoussourcerockshavereachedorexceededpeakoilgenerationandhavealmostcompletedthegenerationandexpulsionofhydrocarbons.ThemaingenerationandexpulsionintheJurassicsourcerockstakeplaceduringthesyn-riftingandpost-riftingphases,whereasthepeakgenerationandexpulsionintheCretaceousandPaleogenesourcerockstakeplaceduringthepost-riftingphase.Althoughthestudyareaisstillarelativelylessexploredsedimentarybasin,theresultsofmodelingcanprovidevaluableinformationforexploration.Apreliminarydiscussionofthemainuncertaintyfactor

简介：Beforeastrongearthquake,thereisoftenaprocessofquiescenceor2absence2ofregionalseismicactivity,whichisaphenomenonthathasattractedtheattentionofmanyscholarsinChinaandothercountries(LU,etal,1985;Wesson,1973).Inthepastten-oddyears,someChineseseismologistsmade,earlierorlater,specialstudiesonthequiescenceanomalyofseismicityinsomespecifiedareasfromdifferentangles.TakingtheconvertedannualfrequencyofM=5.0earthquakesinNorthChinaregionasacharacteristicquantity,JIANGandFENG(1989)analyzedthequiescenceanomalyofseismicactivitybyfuzzyrecognition.

简介：Anintercomparisonofsummertime(JJA)subtropicalgeopotentialheightsfromtheERA-40andNCEP/NCARreanalysisisspecificallyconductedoverEastEurasiaandthewesternNorthPacific.TheNCEP/NCARisobviouslylowerthantheERA-40inthemid-to-lowertroposphereinmostregionsofEastEurasiabeforethemid-1970s,butbecomeshigherthantheERA-40afterthemid-1970sandthusdemonstratesstrongerincreasedtrendsduringtheperiodof1958-2001.BothreanalysesarelowerthantheobservationsinmostregionsofChina.TheNCEP/NCARespeciallyshowstremendouslysystematiclowervaluesbeforethemid-1960sanddisplaysabruptchangesbeforethe1970s.SeveralindicesofthewesternNorthPacificsubtropicalhigh(WNPSH),calculatedfrombothreanalyzedsummergeopotentialheights,alsorevealthatthevariationtrendoftheNCEP/NCARisstrongerthanthatoftheERA-40inthemid-to-lowertropospherefrom1958to2001.Throughsingularvaluedecomposition(SVD)analysis,thesummergeopotentialheightsat500hPafromtheERA-40arebetterthantheNCEP/NCARcounterpartsatinteractingwiththeprecipitationovertheEastAsianmonsoonregion.TheresultsindicatethattheNCEP/NCARinthemid-and-lowertropospheremayoverestimateinterdecadalchangesandshouldbeusedcautiouslytostudytherelationshipbetweentheWNPSHandprecipitationovetherEastAsiaMonsoonregionbeforethemid-1970s.

简介：ResidentialwateruseisgraduallybecomingthefocusinChina'smunicipalwatersupplyplanningandmanagementinrecentyears.Littleisknown,however,abouttheresidentialwateruseinmodemChinaduetothetransitionofeconomyandenhancementofmanagementonwaterconservation.InordertobetterunderstandthecharacteristicsofresidentialwateruseinNorthChina,amodelforidentifyingthedeterminantsofresidentialwaterusewasestablishedandanalyzedbyusingpaneldataandcross-sectiondatamethodologies.ThenTaiyuancity,thecapitalcityofShanxiProvinceinNorthernChinawasselectedasacasestudy.Boththeanalysesandfieldinvestigationindicatethattherelativelyslowincreaseofresidentialwateruseinrecentyearsmayresultfromtheimplementationofstrictlawsandregulationsonwaterconservation.Andthroughtheinvestigation,first-handinformationaboutwaterconsumptionpattern,waterreuse/conservation,people'sattitudetowardwaterquantityandquality,etc.havebeenobtained.

简介：Fifty-eightextratropicaltransition(ET)casesintheyears2000-2008,including2,021observations(at6-hourintervals),overthewesternNorthPacificareanalyzedusingthecyclonephasespace(CPS)method,inanefforttogetthecharacteristicsofthestructureevolutionandenvironmentalconditionsoftropicalcyclones(TCs)duringEToverthisarea.ClusteranalysisoftheCPSdatasetshowsthatstrongTCsaremorelikelytoundergoET.ETbeginswiththeincrementofthermalasymmetryinTCs,alongwiththegenerationandintensificationofanupper-levelcoldcore,andendswiththeoccurrenceofalower-levelcoldcore.ETlastsanaveragedurationofabout28hours.Dynamiccompositeanalysisoftheenvironmentalfieldofdifferentclustersshowsthat,ingeneral,whenTCsmovenorthward,theyaregraduallyembeddedinthewesterliesandgraduallytransformintoextratropicalcyclonesundertheinfluenceofthemid-andhigher-latitudebaroclinicsystems.AsforthoseTCswhichcompleteET,thereisalwaysmuchgreaterpotentialvorticitygradientinthenorthwestofthemandobviouswatervaportransportchannelsintheenvironment.

简介：尽管它的起源到目前为止还没到达了一致，山(臼齿牙齿的结构)被记录超过100年了。从MesoproterozoicWumishan形成，Lingyuan，Yanshan区域，诺思中国，和特征和山的地质的含意的山的发现是进一步的当前的学习报告讨论了。这里，山的出现的straitigraphic地平线证明它主要位于Wumishan形成的最高的部分以内，即，石灰石单位。山的四种形态学，即，好纺锤形，碎片，带子，ptigmatic并且榴状(不规则)，被认出并且想了是高度与沉积环境和外形有关。包括氧化物，踪迹元素和C，O和Sr同位素的山的地球化学显示地平线忍受山具有比稀罕的山的邻近的stratigraphic层次的更高的Sr/Ba和Ca/Mg比率，更低的积极13C和高度否定的18O价值岩性学，在Wumishan形成的山的形态学和地球化学建议山主要在浅subtidal发生在暴风雨波浪底附近，它被温暖的温度典型地描绘，oversaturated钙碳酸盐海水并且嗨而且，这里的水藻细菌的偶尔的丰富是为钙淤泥的石灰化有利、为Wumishan形成的山C同位素作文催化的更多，这的山学习很好与Mesoproterozoic带超群，北美洲和Riphean的被相关，西伯利亚，建议山充当对全球变化作出回应的一个沉积记录并且是在前寒武纪的stratigraphic的完美的指示物世界范围的关联。

简介：古生代的Wufeng-Longmaxi页岩是为在四川盆的页岩气体探索的主要地平线之一。露头，核心和薄节观察，X光检查衍射分析，踪迹元素地球化学和另外的方法被用来理解沉积特征并且在北贵州省在Wufeng-Longmaxi页岩在合适的沉积paleoenvironments识别烃来源岩石。从20～200m和它的Wufeng-Longmaxi形成范围的厚度主要在深海的架上被扔。TOC内容高，直到5.75%。主要非器官的矿物质是由岩屑形成的石英和泥土矿物质，与一点斜长石长石，钾长石，方解石，白云石和黄铁矿。也有源於生物的微晶质的石英。六张岩相被识别了：硅质的页岩，泥土页岩，石灰质的页岩，淤泥的页岩，碳的页岩，和泥泞siltstone。用生物Ba，V/(V+Ni)，TOC，V/Cr，B，Sr/Ba和另外的指示物，我们估计Wufeng-Longmaxi免职的早阶段发生在强壮的缺氧的条件下面的主要生产率，氧化还原作用条件和paleosalinity和表演，高paleosalinity并且产出一个高TOC内容和优秀潜在的页岩气体来源。缺氧的环境在Wufeng-Longmaxi免职的迟了的阶段被破坏，TOC内容减少了，以便它是可能的是高质量的来源岩石。因为在页岩的关键水库空间，和毛孔主要是mesopose，器官的毛孔行动了，与大多数毛孔直径不到20nm。硅质的页岩让高TOC内容和易碎的矿物质(石英)满足为页岩油和煤气的探索使它成为一个重要探索目标。

简介：TodeterminethestudyingregionofChinaTestingCenteroftheCollaboratoryfortheStudyofEarthquakePredictability(CSEP),weadoptedtheEntire-Magnitude-Range(EMR)methodtostudythespatialdistributionofminimummagnitudeofcompleteness(MC)intheNorth-SouthTrendingSeismicBelt(NSTSB)duringtheperiodfromOctober1,2008toMay31,2011.AlsobootstraptestingwasperformedtoestimatetheuncertaintyofMC,i.e.δMC.TheresultsshowthatMC(EMR)=1.6±0.03forthewholeregion.FromthespatialdistributionsofMCwefindthatMCisintherangeofML1.3～2.0formostregions.Specifically,thespatialdistributionofMCisconsistentwiththedistributionofstationsindicatinghighmonitoringlevelinthesouthernpartandlowmonitoringlevelinthenorthernpart.EventslocatedwithlessthanthreestationshavegreatinfluenceonMc.Moreover,theuncertaintyofminimummagnitudeofcompletenessδMCrangesfrom0.07to0.22.ThespatialdistributionofδMCagreeswiththeseismicrate.TheshortertimespanmaycauselargerδMC.