简介：Duffy抗原,是Cutbush在1950年发现一名叫Duffy的输血后产生了溶血反应患者,在该患者血浆中发现了抗Fya抗体,之后确认了Fya抗原的存在。到1993年,确认了Fy基因的位点。1991年Daybomme等证实了Duffy抗原是红细胞膜上CC家族和CXC家族趋化因子的杂项趋化因子的受体,是红细胞上的趋化因子受体,也称为达菲抗原/趋化因子受体（Duffy.Antigen/ReceptorforChemokines,DARC）2010年,国际输血协会（ISBT）确认了Duffy血型系统有5个抗原，命名为Fy1，Fy2，Fy3，Fy5，Fy6（传统名：Fya，Fyb，Fy3，Fy5，Fy6）。

简介：1抗原及其特点1．1抗原抗原是指一种能刺激人或动物机体产生抗体或致敏淋巴细胞，并能与这些产物在体内或体外发生特异性反应的物质。

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简介：AbstractBackground:Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is a promising disease-monitoring marker for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We investigated correlations between HBcrAg with antiviral efficacy and virological and histological variables.Methods:One hundred and forty-five CHB patients from the mainland of China between August 2013 and September 2016 who underwent liver biopsy received entecavir therapy and had paired liver biopsy at 78 weeks. We analyzed correlations between HBcrAg and virological and histological variables in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. We also explored the predictors of HBeAg loss after 78 weeks of antiviral therapy. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic forward stepwise regression were the main statistic methods.Results:HBeAg-positive patients (n = 93) had higher baseline HBcrAg (median 7.4 vs. 5.3 log10 U/mL P < 0.001) and greater HBcrAg declines (median 1.6 vs. 0.9 log10 U/mL P= 0.007) than HBeAg-negative patients after 78 weeks of therapy. At baseline, HBcrAg correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in both HBeAg-positive (r = 0.641, P < 0.001) and -negative patients (r = 0.616, P < 0.001), with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in HBeAg-positive patients (r = 0.495, P < 0.001), but not with anti-hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc). Weak correlations existed between HBcrAg, histology activity index (HAI; r = 0.232, P= 0.025), and Ishak fibrosis score (r= -0.292, P= 0.005) in HBeAg-positive patients. At 78 weeks, significant correlations existed only between HBcrAg and anti-HBc in HBeAg-positive (r = -0.263, P = 0.014) and HBeAg-negative patients (r= -0.291, P= 0.045). Decreased HBcrAg significantly correlated with reduced HBV DNA (r= 0.366, P= 0.001; r= 0.626, P < 0.001) and HBsAg (r = 0.526, P = 0.001; r = 0.289, P = 0.044) in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients, respectively, and with reduced HAI in HBeAg-positive patients (r = 0.329, P = 0.001). Patients with HBeAg loss (n = 29) showed a larger reduction in HBcrAg than those without (median 2.3 vs. 1.3 log10 U/mL, P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, decreased HBcrAg was an independent predictor of HBeAg loss (P = 0.005).Conclusions:HBcrAg reflects viral replication and protein production. Decreased HBcrAg could predict HBeAg loss after antiviral therapy.Trial registration:Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01962155; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01962155?term=NCT01962155&draw=2&rank=1

简介：AbstractCD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is effective in refractory/relapsed (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This review focuses on achievements, current obstacles, and future directions in CAR-T research. A high complete remission rate of 68% to 93% could be achieved after anti-CD19 CAR-T treatment for B-ALL. Cytokine release syndrome and CAR-T-related neurotoxicity could be managed. In view of difficulties collecting autologous lymphocytes, universal CAR-T is a direction to explore. Regarding the high relapse rate after anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy, the main solutions have been developing new targets including CD22 CAR-T, or CD19/CD22 dual CAR-T. Additionally, some studies showed that bridging into transplant post-CAR-T could improve leukemia-free survival. Some patients who did not respond to CAR-T therapy were found to have an abnormal conformation of the CD19 exon or trogocytosis. Anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy for R/R B-ALL is effective. From individual to universal CAR-T, from one target to multi-targets, CAR-T-cell has a chance to be off the shelf in the future.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheroleofmonocytesinthepathogenesisofgenitalherpes.Methods:TNF-aandIL-6levelsin27casesofgenitalherpesweredetectedbyenzymelinkedimmunosorbantassay(ELISA).HLAclassⅡantigenexpressiononmonocytesweredetectedbyanalkalinephosphataseanti-alkalinephosphatasemethod.Results:Comparedwithnormalcontrols,levelsofTNF-aandIL-6secretedbymonocytesrespondingtoLPSmitogeninvitroweresignificantlydecreased[(3.13±0.44ng/ml)vs(4.68±0.54ng/ml),P<0.05and(3.32±1.06ng/ml)vs(6.46±1.94ng/ml),P<0.05,respectively].HLAclassⅡantigenexpressiononmonocytesinthegenitalherpesgroupwasalsosignificantlydecreased[HLA-DR(67.48%±1.51%)vs(81.03%±1.32%),P<0.01andHLA-DQ(29.54%±1.15%)vs(37.63%±1.79%),P<0.01respectively].Conclusion:Thesefindingssuggestthatthedecreasedmonocytefunctionmaycontributetothepathogenesisofgenitalherpes.Augmentingorinducingmonocytefunctionmaybeimportantintheprevention,treatment,andreductionofgenitalherpescases.

简介：Objective:Spontaneoushepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)rupturecanbefatal,andhepaticresectioncouldachieveafavorablelong-termsurvivalamongallstrategiesoftumorrupture.However,thereisnoavailableprognosticscoringsystemforpatientswithrupturedHCCwhounderwentpartialhepatectomy.Methods:FromJanuary2005toMay2015,129patientswithspontaneousHCCruptureunderwentpartialhepatectomy.Preoperativeclinicaldatawerecollectedandanalyzed.Independentriskfactorsaffectingoverallsurvival(OS)wereusedtodevelopthenewscoringsystem.Harrell'sCstatistics,Akaikeinformationcriterion(AIC),therelativelikelihood,andtheloglikelihoodratiowerecalculatedtomeasurethehomogeneityanddiscriminatoryabilityofaprognosticsystem.Results:InthemultivariableCoxregressionanalysis,threefactors,includingtumorsize,preoperativeα-fetoproteinlevel,andalkalinephosphataselevel,werechosenforthenewtumor-associatedantigen(TAA)prognosticscoringsystem.The1-yearOSrateswere88.1%,43.2%,and30.2%forTAAscoresof0-5points(low-riskgroup),6-9points(moderate-riskgroup),and10-13points(high-riskgroup),respectively.TheTAAscoringsystemhadsuperiorhomogeneityanddiscriminatoryability(Harrell'sCstatistics,0.693vs.0.627and0.634;AIC,794.79vs.817.23and820.16;relativelikelihood,both<0.001;andloglikelihoodratio,45.21vs.22.77and21.84)thantheBarcelonaClinicLiverCancerstagingsystemandtheCanceroftheLiverItalianPrograminpredictingOS.Similarresultswerefoundwhilepredictingdisease-freesurvival(DFS).Conclusions:ThenewprognosticscoringsystemissimpleandeffectiveinpredictingbothOSandDFSofpatientswithspontaneousrupturedHCC.

简介：客观：为了与M-CSFR验证MAF-J6-1受体的抗原协会并且进一步学习M-CSF和它的受体的角色，调停了在支持白血病的房间增长的juxtacrine。方法：MAF-J6-1RRE2的Monoclonal抗体(McAb)和rhM-CSFR的polyclonal抗体(PolyAb)被准备。到M-CSFR的McAbRE2的特性被ELISA被间接ELISA，有J6-1房间殖民地形成的跨neutralizing试金和中立化测试证实。结果：到M-CSFR的净化的RE2的反应活动是超过1：16000。M-CSFR和MAF-J6-1R的禁止的活动能被RE2和anti-M-CSFR抗体堵住。到M-CSFR的RE2的反应能被M-CSFR减少。结论：到M-CSFR的RE2的特性被证实，有M-CSFR的MAF-J6-1R的抗原协会被证明。它建议M-CSF和它的受体调停了auto-juxtacrine刺激能是在白血病或nonhematological恶意的起作用的机制。

简介：Thec-erbB-2proto-oncogeneencodesa185kDaproteinp185,whichbelongstoepidermalgrowthfactorreceptorfamily.Amplificationofthisgenehasbeenshowntocorrelatewithpoorclinicalprognosisforcertaincancerpatients.ThemonoclonalantibodyA21whichdirectedagainstp185specificallyinhibitsproliferationoftumorcellsoverexpressingp185,henceallowsittobeacandidatefortargetedtherapy.InordertoovercomeseveraldrawbacksofmurineMAb,wecloneditsVHandVLgenesandconstructedthesingle-chainFv(scFv)throughapeptidelinker.TherecombinantscFvA21wasexpressedinEscherichiacoliandpurifiedbytheaffinitycolumn.SubsequentlyitwascharacterizedbyELISA,Westernblot,cellimmunohistochemistryandFACS.Alltheseassaysshowedthebindingactivitytoextracellulardomain(ECD)ofp185.BasedonthosepropertiesofscFvA21,wefurtherconstructedthescFv-Fcfusionmoleculewithahomodimerformandtherecombinantproductwasexpressedinmammaliancells.Inaseriesofsubsequentanalysisthisfusionproteinshowedidenticalantigenbindingsiteandactivitywiththeparentantibody.Theseanti-p185engineeredantibodieshavepromisedtobefurthermodifiedasatumortargetingdrugs,withaviewofapplicationinthediagnosisandtreatmentofhumanbreastcancer.

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简介：目的：对3例RhD阴性产妇所育的RhD阳性新生儿因D抗原遮蔽造成假阴性现象，进一步进行血型血清学检测及分析。方法：采用血型血清学方法检测新生儿及其母亲、父亲血型抗原、抗体。结果：新生儿血型分别为O，CcDEe、B，CCDEe、A，CcDEe；其母亲分别为O，ccdee、B，ccdee、AB，ccdee；其父亲分别为：O，CcDEe、O，CCDEe、A，CcDEe；新生儿直接抗球蛋白试验分别为：3＋、3＋、3＋。对新生儿进行RhD血型检测时，试管法观察结果未见凝集，易误判为RhD阴性。结论：通过血型血清学检测该3例患儿RhD抗原为阳性，并由Rh系统IgG抗D引起的新生儿溶血病，为新生儿得到及时治疗提供实验室依据。

简介：摘要目的探讨粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原(Hpstoolantigen,HpSA)的临床诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测94例因上消化道症状接受胃镜检查患者的幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原。每例患者同时进行14CUBT、RUT、Warthin-Starry银染检测,将后三项中任两项阳性作为Hp感染阳性诊断标准,对HpSA方法进行评价。结果HpSA检测的敏感性为94.3%,特异性为90.2%,准确性为92.6%,阳性预测值为92.6%,阴性预测值为92.5%。结论HpSA检测的敏感性、特异性和准确性较高,具有简单可靠、标本留取方便及完全非侵入性的特点,适合作为Hp感染的常规检查项目。

简介：乙型病毒性肝炎是指由乙肝病毒（HBV）引起的一种以肝脏炎性病变为主并可引起多器官损害的病，也是我国当前流行最为广泛的一种传染病。乙肝血清标志物检测是人群初筛乙肝携带者以及血液制品乙肝病毒检测的关键步骤。目前我国常用的乙肝血清标志物最常用的是乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg），本文就目前常用的几种血清学检测方法总结如下。

简介：摘要：目的：分析儿童肺炎链球菌尿抗原检测在儿童肺炎诊断方面的应用价值。方法：研究对象为社区获得性肺炎患儿200例，收治时间在2021年4月-2022年4月，分别获取不同患儿的痰标本与尿标本，分别进行痰液培养（A方法）、尿抗原检测（B方法），对比肺炎链球菌阳性检出率以及检测指标。结果：B方法对应肺炎链球菌阳性检出率高于A方法，B方法从采样到出结果时间小于A方法，有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：儿童肺炎链球菌尿抗原检测阳性率较传统痰培养方法更快，且时效性强，能够更早的指导儿童肺炎链球菌的治疗工作，有重要的推广与应用价值。

简介：摘要目的研究结核分枝杆菌Rv0446c的抗原表位及其免疫原性，为结核病的免疫诊断技术及疫苗研发提供候选抗原及表位。方法利用生物信息学软件TE-predict和IEDB的T细胞表位预测软件对结核分枝杆菌抗原Rv0446c进行T细胞表位预测，用ELISPOT实验检测表位在2019年1月到2020年12月期间来自佛山市第四人民医院和福州肺科医院的结核病患者（50例）、肺部疾病患者（39例）及健康志愿者（55例）中的免疫反应性。将60只6周龄BALB/c小鼠随机分成10组，每组6只，分别采用PBS、血蓝蛋白（KLH）、高剂量结核分枝杆菌抗原Ag85B（50 μg/只）、低剂量Ag85B（20 μg/只）、高计量P120、低剂量P120、高计量P121、低剂量P121、高剂量P123、低剂量P123（P120、P121、P123高剂量为100 μg/只、低剂量为50 μg/只）多肽对其皮下免疫，每只小鼠免疫3次，每次间隔2周，末次免疫后4周，应用ELISA方法检测各组小鼠脾细胞产生的IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10细胞因子水平。结果预测的7条表位多肽中，ELISPOT试验筛选出4条阳性T细胞表位多肽P120、P121、P122、P123，在结核病患者中检测灵敏度和特异度分别为30.0%、18.0%、6.0%、22.0%和96.8%、98.9%、100%、96.8%。与对照PBS组和KLH组比较，P120多肽能刺激小鼠产生较高水平的IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10，P121多肽刺激小鼠产生较高水平的IFN-γ和IL-4（均P<0.05），P123多肽刺激小鼠产生较高水平的IFN-γ（均P<0.05）。P120、P121、P123多肽刺激小鼠产生的IL-2的水平高于PBS组低于Ag85B-L组和Ag85B-H组（均P<0.05），但与KLH组差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论Rv0446c蛋白及其T细胞表位具有较好的免疫原性及免疫反应性，能刺激机体产生强烈的细胞免疫应答，可用于结核病的临床诊断技术研究和新型结核亚单位疫苗的构建。

简介：淋巴细胞功能联系了antigen-1(CD11a/CD18，LFA-1)在免疫学的触处的结构起一个重要作用并且为细胞毒素的T淋巴细胞(CTL)和生来的杀手(NK)的有效细胞溶解被要求房间。为了在NK房间上学习LFA-1的激活模式，出现，光镊子在工作被使用。作为一种新兴的技术，光镊子广泛地被用来操作显微镜的目标并且在生物研究的领域里测量分子的相互作用的力量。在我们的学习，一个新平台被构造用光镊子在房间表面上学习受体的单个分子的行为。基于站台，在一个NK房间之间的相互作用和与anti-LFA-1抗体涂的聚苯乙烯microsphere被观察。结果证实在一个NK房间和聚苯乙烯祷告之间的粘附力量是时间依赖者。根据我们的调查结果，我们建议那anti-LFA-1抗体可以引起在NK房间表面上聚类LFA-1。

简介：象为变形阉割抵抗的前列腺癌症(CRPC)的docetaxel和cabazitaxel治疗一样的新奇神经质的治疗的可获得性在没有前进的幸存和全面幸存与改进为这组病人改变了眼界。医生们经常用浆液诊断前列腺癌症的前进前列腺特定的抗原(PSA)。然而，浆液PSA总是没在CRPC与临床的地位被相关。与更大的精确评估PSA动力学，PSA并且CRPC的开发的机制的控制的理解被需要。而且，与最佳地改进预后和病人的QOL的适当预定使用新神经质的治疗是必要的。在现在的评论，我们查明PSA动力学和CRPC的发展的机制为mCRPC在新治疗的最佳的利用帮助。

简介：摘要目的分析靶向乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞对表达HBsAg的肝癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法构建HBsAg-CAR基因，通过慢病毒载体将其转导入T细胞(健康捐献者的血液中获取)，制备HBsAg-CAR-T细胞。制备CD19-CAR-T细胞作为Mock组，未转导的T细胞为Untransduced组。上述三种效应细胞分别与肝癌细胞共同培养，检测三组细胞对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用及抗肿瘤细胞因子(肿瘤坏死因子-α、干扰素-γ、白细胞介素2等)释放水平。建立免疫缺陷NPG小鼠PLC/PRF/5肝癌皮下成瘤模型，随机分组，尾静脉注射HBsAg-CAR-T细胞(实验组，n＝5)或未转导的T细胞(对照组，n＝5)，注射后第15天测量肿瘤体积。结果体外培养过程中，HBsAg-CAR-T细胞具有较高的增殖能力及存活率，CAR的表达稳定。与表达HBsAg的肝癌细胞共培养后，HBsAg-CAR-T组释放的抗肿瘤细胞因子明显高于Mock组及Untransduced组，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)；HBsAg-CAR-T组对HBsAg表达阳性的肝癌细胞的杀伤率明显高于Mock组及Untransduced组，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。实验组NPG小鼠肿瘤体积为(250.8±62.8)mm3，低于对照组小鼠肿瘤体积(757.5±102.6)mm3，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HBsAg-CAR-T细胞能够特异性识别并杀伤HBsAg阳性肝癌细胞，并释放高水平的抗肿瘤细胞因子。

简介：AbstractMany factors have been identified as having the ability to affect the sensitivity of rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to identify the impact of sample processing on the sensitivity of the RAD tests. We explored the effect of different inactivation methods, viral transport media (VTM) solutions, and sample preservation on the sensitivity of four RAD kits based on two SARS-CoV-2 strains. Compared with non-inactivation, heat inactivation significantly impacted the sensitivity of most RAD kits; however, β-propiolactone inactivation only had a minor effect. Some of the VTM solutions (VTM2, MANTACC) had a significant influence on the sensitivity of the RAD kits, especially for low viral-loads samples. The detection value of RAD kits was slightly decreased, while most of them were still in the detection range with the extension of preservation time and the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. Our results showed that selecting the appropriate inactivation methods and VTM solutions is necessary during reagent development, performance evaluation, and clinical application.

简介：AbstractBackground:Zoonotic schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in the Philippines. This study aimed to evaluate the commercially available rapid diagnostic point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in detecting individuals infected with S. japonicum in a human cohort from an endemic area for schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines.Methods:Clinical samples were collectedin 18 barangays endemic for S. japonicum infection in Laoang and Palapag municipalities, Northern Samar, the Philippines, in 2015. The presence of CCA in filter-concentrated urine samples (n = 412) was evaluated using the commercial kits and the results were converted to images, which were further analyzed by ImageJ software to calculate R values. The diagnostic performance of the immunochromatographic POC-CCA test was compared using the Kato-Katz (KK) procedure, in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and droplet digital (dd) PCR assays as reference.Results:The POC-CCA test was able to detect S. japonicum-infected individuals in the cohort with an eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) more than or equal to 10 with sensitivity/specificity values of 63.3%/93.3%. However, the assay showed an inability to diagnose schistosomiasis japonica infections in all cohort KK-positive individuals, of which the majority had an extremely low egg burden (EPG: 1-9). The prevalence of S. japonicum infection in the total cohort determined by the POC-CCA test was 12.4%, only half of that determined by the KK method (26.2%). When compared with the ELISAs and ddPCR assays as a reference, the POC-CCA assay was further shown to be a test with low sensitivity. Nevertheless, the assay exhibited significant positive correlations with egg burden determined by the KK technique and the target gene copy number index values determined by the ddPCR assays within the entire cohort.Conclusions:By using in silico image analysis, the POC-CCA cassette test could be converted to a quantitative assay to avoid reader-variability. Because of its low sensitivity, the commercially available POC-CCA assay had limited potential for determining the status of a S. japonicum infection in the target cohort. The assay should be applied with caution in populations where schistosome parasites (especially S. japonicum) are present at low infection intensity.