简介：摘要在HIV感染者中，儿童接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的比例(54%)远低于成年人(62%)。同时，HIV暴露但未感染儿童的早期发育也不及未暴露儿童。2019年7月在墨西哥召开的第11次国际儿童HIV感染研讨会和国际艾滋病学会年会，探讨了如何加强对儿童HIV感染的管理和治疗。

简介：AbstractTransmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, develop evidence-based prevention strategies, and contribute to various areas of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and control. Over recent decades, transmission networks have made tremendous strides in terms of modes, methods, applications, and various other aspects. Transmission network methods, including social, sexual, and molecular transmission networks, have played a pivotal role. Each transmission network research method has its advantages, as well as its limitations. In this study, we established a systematic review of these aforementioned transmission networks with respect to their definitions, applications, limitations, recent progress, and synthetic applications.

简介：AbstractBackground:Human brucellosis is a neglected public health issue in China and reports of HIV-infected individuals complicated with brucellosis are rare. This report describes the case of an HIV-infected patient complicated with brucellosis. We want to raise awareness of clinical diagnosis of brucellosis among clinicians. Furthermore, we should be more concerned about cases with pyrexia of unknown origin, especially in non-epidemic areas of brucellosis in China.Case presentation:We encountered the case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected male with a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of approximately 300. On May 1, 2019, the patient had onset of non-specific caustic irregular fever with body temperature reaching 41.0 ℃. He was admitted to two medical institutions in Yunnan with pyrexia of unknown origin. Finally, on day 7 of hospitalization in the Public Health Clinical Medical Center in Chengdu City, he was diagnosed as having brucellosis infection based on blood culture results.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of brucellosis concomitant with HIV infection in China. Laboratories in infectious disease hospitals and category A level III hospitals in the southern provinces of China should be equipped with reagents for clinical diagnosis of brucellosis and to strengthen the awareness of brucellosis diagnosis in China. Secondly, in provinces with a high incidence of AIDS and brucellosis such as Xinjiang and Henan, it is recommended to implement a joint examination strategy to ensure the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this infection.

简介：AbstractAntiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively inhibit human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication, but is not curative due to the existence of a stable viral latent reservoir harboring replication-competent proviruses. In order to reduce or eliminate the HIV-1 latent reservoir, characteristics of the latently infected cells need to be intensively studied, and a comprehensive understanding of the heterogenous nature of the latent reservoir will be critical to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the different cell types and mechanisms contributing to the complexity and heterogeneity of HIV-1 latent reservoirs, and summarize the key challenges to the development of cure strategies for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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简介：摘要目的对反式转录激活因子Tat第41位赖氨酸(K41)在HIV-1转录活化过程中的作用进行探讨，并对B、C亚型HIV-1中Tat K41的作用进行比较。方法通过荧光素酶活性实验检测野生型Tat、突变型Tat K41A、Tat K41R对HIV-1转录活性的影响，并比较B、C亚型HIV-1中Tat K41作用的差异；通过免疫沉淀(immunoprecipitation, IP)实验检测B、C亚型HIV-1中Tat K41是否影响Tat与SIRT1的结合；通过Western blot检测细胞核内B、C亚型HIV-1的Tat K41是否影响p65 K310的乙酰化水平。结果与B亚型HIV-1不同，C亚型HIV-1的Tat K41突变后显著降低荧光素酶活性，减弱C亚型Tat与SIRT1的结合，降低细胞核内p65 K310ac的水平。结论C亚型Tat K41在HIV-1转录中发挥重要作用。

简介：摘要目的分析HIV-1/HCV合并感染者接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(Highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART)后外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中总HIV-1 DNA动态变化。方法回顾性分析2015年5月至2017年12月广州市第八人民医院收治的未进行抗HCV治疗的30例HIV-1/HCV合并感染初治患者(合并感染组)，以同期收治的42例HIV-1单一感染初治患者为单一感染组。观察两组HAART后12、24、48、72及96周的病毒学和免疫学应答情况，PBMC中总HIV-1 DNA变化规律及其与外周血HIV-1 RNA、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的关系。应用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果两组患者HAART后血浆HIV-1病毒抑制率、CD4＋ T淋巴细胞计数及CD4＋/CD8＋T淋巴细胞比值均升高，PBMC中总HIV-1 DNA水平均降低。HIV-1/HCV合并感染组HAART 72周时的HIV-1病毒抑制率低于HIV-1单一感染组(χ2＝7.93，P<0.01)。HIV-1/HCV合并感染组HAART 12、24、72、96周时的CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数均低于HIV-1单一感染组(U＝313.50、329.00、286.00和204.50，P<0.05或<0.01)。HIV-1/HCV合并感染组HAART 48周时的CD4＋/CD8＋T淋巴细胞比值低于HIV-1单一感染组(U＝294.50，P<0.05)。HIV-1/HCV合并感染者基线和HAART 12周时PBMC总HIV-1 DNA低于HIV-1单一感染者(U＝362.00和359.00，P<0.01或<0.05)。两组患者PBMC总HIV-1 DNA与HIV-1 RNA、CD4＋/CD8＋T淋巴细胞比值均无相关性(P值均>0.05)，HIV-1/HCV合并感染组患者PBMC中总HIV-1 DNA与CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数无相关性(b＝－0.001，P>0.05)，而HIV-1单一感染组患者PBMC中总HIV-1 DNA与CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数呈负相关(b＝－0.001，P<0.05)。结论HIV-1/HCV合并感染者HAART后外周血总HIV-1 DNA水平下降，合并HCV感染延缓HIV-1感染者HAART后总HIV-1 DNA的下降。

简介：【摘要】：目的 探讨血站检测抗 -HIV两种模式的应用效果。方法 选取我站 2018年 4月 ~2019年 4月的 124例献血者检测样品作为研究对象，分别采用间接法试剂盒原价心法试剂两种模式进行检测，并将两种模式的检测结果进行对比分析。结果 通过对两套检测模式的统计分析， X27.53， X20.01=6.63， P<0.01，差异有显著性。模式 1中“间接法”与“双抗原夹心法”检测结果也存在显著性差异， X2=4.27， X20.05=3.84， P<0.05。结论 “双抗原夹心法”在血站检测抗 -HIV病毒中效果较高，且采用“双抗原夹心法”在防止血液浪费中起到很好的作用。

简介：【摘要】目的：分析该例 HIV感染者合并腮腺结核临床资料，为诊断提供参考资料。 方法：对一例HIV感染者合并腮腺结核的临床表现， PPD试验，血常规，超声，病理检查，涂片进行分析。 结果：明确诊断：艾滋病合并腮腺结核。结论：要重视及能想到腮腺结核。

简介：AbstractBackground:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infected people, increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance (PDR). In this study, the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China. Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.Results:In total, 1711 eligible patients (76.0% male; 87.8% aged ≥ 25 years) were included, of which 117 (6.8%) had PDR. The highest rates of PDR were 12.2% in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9% in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.57–4.44) and individuals from Liangshan, Dehong, and Lincang (aOR= 2.04, 95% CI: 1.26–3.30). In total, 754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks. Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations, two networks contained subjects from Liangshan, and one network contained subjects from Dehong.Conclusions:Overall, the PDR prevalence was moderate, with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics. These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.

简介：AbstractThe prevalence of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals has been observed to be elevated. The prevalence of ACA ranges from 1.3% to 13%, with different rates of prevalence in various regions of the world. We reviewed studies conducted internationally, and also referred to two established expert consensus guideline documents published in China, and we have concluded that Chinese HIV-infected patients should undergo cryptococcal antigen screening when CD4+ T-cell counts fall below 200 cells/μL and that the recommended treatment regimen for these patients follow current World Health Organization guidelines, although it is likely that this recommendation may change in the future. Early screening and optimized preemptive treatment for ACA is likely to help decrease the incidence of cryptococcosis, and is lifesaving. Further studies are warranted to explore issues related to the optimal management of ACA.

简介：【摘要】目的：研究分析不同免疫检验在抗HIV检测中的结果对比。方法：研究对象为2019年1月至2020年2月入院的120例需行抗HIV检测的患者，并根据检验方法的不同，分为A组（ELISA检测法）、B组（HIV核酸定量检测法）和C组（金免疫层析试验法），检测患者血清并比较三组患者的检验结果。结果：与BC两组相比，A组患者的诊断符合率、准确性和灵敏性及特异性均显著更佳。组间对比差异显著（p

简介：摘要 :目的：对比不同免疫检验方式在抗 HIV检测临床中的结果。方法：随机选取 55例在 2018年 9月～ 2019年 9月于我血站的血清标本为研究对象，均分别利用金免疫层析法（对照组）、 ELISA检测法（试验组）施行检测，其中 40例 HIV抗体呈阳性患者、 15例 HIV抗体呈阴性患者，对比 2种检测法的可靠程度。结果：施行金免疫层析法的患者 HIV抗体的敏感程度（ 87.50%VS97.50%）、特异程度 (80.00%VS93.33%)和准确率 (90.91%VS96.36%)均明显更低，且金免疫层析法与试验组 ELISA检测法 2种检测方法对比组间差异较小，不存在统计学意义 (P>0.05)。结论：与金免疫层析试验法相比， ELISA检测法在艾滋病患者检测 HIV抗体临床中的敏感度和精准度相对较高，同时便于操作，值得在抗 HIV检测临床中大幅推广。

简介：摘要：免疫重建炎症反应综合征（ immune reconstitution inflamation syndrome,IRIS）是 HIV/AIDS患者启动 HAART后常见并发症，其发病机制、诊断标准、诊疗方案均不明确，给临床工作带来困难。本文从发病机制、诊断标准、诊疗方案等方面对 IRIS的研究进展进行综述。

简介：摘要： 考察综合护理方式对感染 HIV 产妇围产期的效果评价。通过选取本院 在 2014 年 3 月到 2019 年 12 月 收治的 19 例感染 HIV 孕产妇进行心理护理、产前护理及产后护理等综合护理，考察发生母婴传播的情况及产妇并发症的出现。结果表明，综合护理方式可以有效降低产妇在围产期发生并发症，也可以大大减少母婴传播的几率，同时也防止了医学性感染的发生。

简介：摘 要：目的：探究分析不同免疫检验在抗HIV检测中的结果。方法：研究开展年限区间确定为2018年1月-2020年9月，纳入样本为1284例HIV检测者，全部患者血液样本均行酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、胶体金快速法、免疫印迹法检验，以免疫印迹法检验结果为金标准，评估分析不同免疫检验结果。结果：对比不同免疫检验方法敏感性、特异性、准确率等指标，ELISA均优于胶体金快速法（P＜0.05）。结论：抗HIV检测中应用ELISA法检验敏感性、特异性、准确率较高。

简介：【摘要】：目的：分析老年 HIV感染 /AIDS患者的心理特点及护理体会。方法：选取 2018年 1月 -2019年 12月 100例医院收治老年 HIV感染 /AIDS患者，通过访问的方式了解老年 HIV感染 /AIDS患者的心理特点，给予相应的心理护理措施，比较护理前后焦虑抑郁评分的变化。结果：通过访问发现，老年 HIV感染 /AIDS患者多存在恐惧、焦虑抑郁情绪。在经过心理护理干预后，患者护理前后焦虑抑郁评分的比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜ 0.05）。结论：老年 HIV感染 /AIDS患者多存在恐惧、焦虑抑郁等负面情绪，通过心理护理的实施能够有效改善患者的心理状况。

简介：【摘要】目的：对比不同免疫检验在抗HIV检测中的结果。方法：选取我院2020年1月~2020年8月期间进行血液检验的样本804例，同时采取酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）、电化学发光免疫法（ECLIA）进行检验。结果：ELISA准确率（96.64%）、特异性（97.33%）、敏感性（87.27%），ECLIA（98.76%）、（98.80%）、（98.18%），均有显著提高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：在进行抗