简介:Serioushearingandbalanceimpairmentscanoccurasaresultoflossofhaircellsrelatedtoaging,environmentalstresses(suchasnoisesexposure)orexposuretochemotherapeuticdrugs(suchascisplatinandaminoglycosideantibiotics).Becausealargeportionofhearingimpairmentinvolveslossofhaircells,regenerationorreplacementofthesecellsisapossiblealternativetoprostheticdevices1.Researchershavepaidhotattentiontothestudyofinnerearhaircellregenerationforhearingrestorationformanyyears.Besidestheimportantfunctionofhaircells,therearemanyothercontributorsessentialfornormalhearing.Haircellregenerationisoneoftheessentialstepsfortotalhearingrecovery,butnottheonlyone.Inthisarticle,wewillreviewtheprogressesinresearchonhearingloss,stemcellapplicationandhearingrestoration.
简介:Withinthenervoussystem,regenerationislimited,andthisisduetothesmallamountofneuralstemcells,theinhibitoryoriginofthestemcellnicheandoftentothedevelopmentofascarwhichconstitutesamechanicalbarrierfortheregeneration.Regardingtheseaspects,manyeffortshavebeendoneintheresearchofacellcomponentthatcombinedwithscaffoldsandgrowthfactorscouldbesuitablefornervousregenerationinregenerativemedicineapproaches.Autologousmesenchymalstemcellsrepresentnowadaystheidealcandidateforthisaim,thanktotheirmultipotencyandtotheiramountinsideadulttissues.However,issuesintheirharvesting,throughtheuseofinvasivetechniques,andproblemsinvolvedintheirageing,requiretheresearchofnewautologoussources.Tothispurpose,therecentdiscoveryofastemcellscomponentinteeth,andwhichderivefromneuralcrestcells,hascametothelightthepossibilityofusingdentalstemcellsinnervoussystemregeneration.Inthiswork,inordertogiveguidelinesontheuseofdentalstemcellsforneuralregeneration,webrieflyintroducetheconceptsofregenerationandregenerativemedicine,wethenfocustheattentiononodontogenesis,whichinvolvestheformationandthepresenceofastemcomponentindifferentpartsofteeth,andfinallywedescribesomeexperimentalapproacheswhichareexploitingdentalstemcellsforneuralstudies.
简介:Stemcellshavetheremarkablepotentialtodevelopintomanydifferentcelltypes,essentiallywithoutlimittoreplenishothercellsaslongasthepersonoranimalisstillalive,offeringimmensehopeofcuringAlzheimer’sdisease,repairingdamagedspinalcords,treatingkidney,liverandlungdiseasesandmakingdamagedheartswhole.Untilrecently,scientistsprimarilyworkedwithtwokindsofstemcellsfromanimalsandhumans:embryonicstemcellsandnon-embryonic'somatic'or'adult'stemcells.Recentbreakthroughmakeitpossibletoconvertor'reprogram'specializedadultcellstoassumeastemstem-likecellswithdifferenttechnologies.Thereviewwillbrieflydiscusstherecentprogressesinthisarea.更多还原
简介:摘要:在现阶段,德育已上升为国家战略的高度。而STEM教育作为全球最受欢迎的教学模式,正深刻地影响着我们教育的发展和改革。小学科学教育是实施STEM教育的重要一环,在小学科学STEM教育中加强德育教育势在必行。基于有效开展STEM教育的同时,通过德育教育与小学科学STEM课程学习相结合、与家庭教育相结合、与小学科学实践活动相结合的方式,实现小学科学STEM教育与德育教育的有机融合。
简介:Itiswellestablishedthatstemcellscandifferentiateintocelltypesoftheorganinwhichthesearetransplanted.However,theprocessisveryslowduetolackofunderstandingofsignalsimportantfortheirsurvivalanddifferentiation,mostoptimalstemcellsandtheirplasticity.Limitationsandadvantagesofvariouscellsubtypeswillbedescribed.Therateofstemcellsmobilizationandtheirsurvivalintheischemicenvironmentaremajorobstaclesinengraftmentanddifferentiationofstemcellsformeaningfulrepairoftheinfarctedmyocardium.Manipulationofstemcellswithischemicpreconditioning,combinedgeneandcelltherapytogetherwithsimultaneousactivationofdiversesignalingpathwaysformassivestemcellmobilization®enerationhassignificantimpactontherepairprocessbystemcells.Theseandotherdifficultiesencounteredinefficientuseofvariousstemcellshaveresultedininventionofinducedpluripotentstemcellswhichcouldrevolutionizethestemcellbasedtherapyandtheirapplicationsforunderstandingofhumandiseaseanddrugscreeninginthenearfuture.ReprogrammingofadultcellsintoiPScellswithouttheuseofviralvectorsisamajorchallengetowardsgettingiPScellswithoutviralintegrationintocells.Tomeetthischallengewehaverepro-grammedskeletalmyoblastsintoiPScellswithhighefficiencyusingepigeneticmodifiers.TransplantationofiPScellsderivedpurecardiacprogenitorsintoinfarctedmyocardiumledtoextensiverepopulationofscarareawithfullydevelopedmyocyteswithouttumorformationandresultinginmarkedimprovementincardiacfunction.Reprogrammingwithpurechemicalmeanswillmaketherapeuticuseofthesecellsmoresafer.Targetingtheinducedpluripotentstemcellstowardscardiacprogenitorsandtheirapplicationtowardstransplantationisamajorstepforwardinenhancingthemyocardialrepaircapacitybythesecells.
简介:摘要:当我们跨入21世纪,我国社会经济得到了飞速发展,科技也在时刻进步。而STEM教育作为一门集科学、技术、工程、与数学相结合的综合学科,是我国教育新指标的最终目标,也是国家对下一代的要求,发展STEM素养型的综合性人才,STEM素养属于富国强民的基础,而STEM素养的培养是以信息智能化技术为根本的。人工智能属于信息智能化的核心。它为未来培养综合型人才指明了方向,所以以人工智能为前提发展小学生的STEM素养是现代智能化教育所要发展的方向,利用人工智能教育的模式不仅可以增加学生的学习兴趣,增加教师的教学质量,同时因人工智能教学的加入也使多种学科进行融合,促进了STEM素养的提升。
简介:摘要:当今时代,第四次工业革命浪潮席卷全球,社会越来越呼唤创新力强、解决力强、应变力强的高素质人才。现代桥牌,追求的是探索应对各种复杂局面的方法;锤炼的是将个人水平和团队集体智慧完美融合的能力;在此过程中展现出来的沟通和宽容的艺术,思维和创造的艺术,合作也是斗争的艺术与STEM教育理念下的教育模式完全契合,更是适应人才成长规律的科学教育模式。桥牌,正以其独特的运作方式和内在要求,成为实施STEM教育的一种新途径,是培养综合能力的高端人才的有效尝试。