简介：FewerthanonemillionHIVinfectedindividualsarecurrentlyreceivinganti-retroviraltherapy.ThelimitationsofsuchtreatmenthaveunderscoredtheneedtodevelopmoreeffectivestrategiestocontrolthespreadandpathogenesisofHIV.Typically,naturallyoccurringprotectiveimmuneresponsesprovidetheparadigmforsuchdevelopment.ItisnowclearhoweverthatHIVcanutilisethemillieuofanactivatedimmunesystemtoitsownreplicativeadvantage.Mobilisationoftheimmuneresponse,intendedtothwartofHIVcontributestolackofimmunecontrolandthedevelopmentofprogressivediseaseinthemajorityofinfected,untreatedindividuals.FurtherdelineationoftheintimateinteractionsbetweentheHIVandtheimmunesystemwillbecriticalandrecentadvancesinthisdirectionarediscussed.

简介：ProteomicshasbeenwidelyusedinthelastfewyearstolookfornewbiomarkersanddecipherthemechanismofHIV-hostinteraction.Herein,wereviewtherecentdevelopmentsofHIV/AIDSproteomicresearch,includingthesamplesusedinHIV/AIDSrelatedresearch,thetechnologiesusedforproteomicstudy,thediagnosisbiomarkersofHIV-associateddiseaseespeciallyHIV-associatedneurocognitiveimpairment,themechanismsofHIV-hostinteraction,HIV-associateddementia,substanceabuse,andsoon.Intheendofthisreview,wealsogivesomeprospectsaboutthelimitationandfutureimprovementofHIV/AIDSproteomicresearch.

简介：摘要目的加强职业暴露管理,完善职业暴露保障体系。方法结合卫生部制定的<医务人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露防护工作指导原则>,对4例医务人员的职业暴露事件处理进行回顾性分析。结果经及时有效的处理，4起职业暴露均未发生HIV感染事件。结论医护人员应正确掌握预防和控制艾滋病职业暴露的防护技术、提高自我防护意识；医疗机构应强化职能部门管理工作，建立医护人员艾滋病职业暴露风险的保障机制，维护医务人员的职业安全，有效预防医人员在工作中发生职业暴露感染艾滋病病毒。

简介：AbstractTransmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, develop evidence-based prevention strategies, and contribute to various areas of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and control. Over recent decades, transmission networks have made tremendous strides in terms of modes, methods, applications, and various other aspects. Transmission network methods, including social, sexual, and molecular transmission networks, have played a pivotal role. Each transmission network research method has its advantages, as well as its limitations. In this study, we established a systematic review of these aforementioned transmission networks with respect to their definitions, applications, limitations, recent progress, and synthetic applications.

简介：Mother-to-ChildHIVIAIDSTransmissionClinicalstudiesindicatethattheriskofperinatalHIV/AIDStransmission,ifnotinterrupted,isbetween15and50percent.Internationalstatisticsshowthateveryyear,thereare2.4millionHIV/AIDSinfectedpregnantwomenwhogivebirthto800,000infectedbabies.HIVinfectionhascausedworldinfantmortalitytoriseby75percent.StatisticspublishedbytheChineseMinistryofHealthshowthatinsomeareas,perinatalHIV/AIDStransmissionhasincreasedfrom0.1percentto0.6percent,andthat30to40percentofinfectedmotherspassthekillervirusontotheirbabies.

简介：SmallinterferingRNA(siRNA)andmicroRNA(miRNA)aresmallRNAsof18-25nucleotides(nt)inlengththatplayimportantrolesinregulatinggeneexpression.TheyareincorporatedintoanRNA-inducedsilencingcomplex(RISC)andserveasguidesforsilencingtheircorrespondingtargetmRNAsbasedoncomplementarybase-pairing.ThepromiseofgenesilencinghasledmanyresearcherstoconsidersiRNAasananti-viraltool.However,inlong-termsettings,manyvirusesappeartoescapefromthistherapeuticalstrategy.Anexampleofthismaybeseeninthecaseofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype-1(HIV-1)whichisabletoevadeRNAsilencingbyeithermutatingthesiRNAtargetedsequenceorbyencodingforapartialsuppressorofRNAi(RNAinterference).Ontheotherhand,becausemiRNAtargetingdoesnotrequireabsolutecomplementarityofbase-pairing,mutationalescapebyvirusesfrommiRNAspecifiedsilencingmaybemoredifficulttoachieve.Inthisreview,wediscussstratagemsusedbyvariousvirusestoavoidthecells'antiviralsi/mi-RNAdefensesandnotionsofhowvirusesmightcontrolandregulatehostcellgenesbyencodingviralmiRNAs(vmiRNAs).

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简介：摘要目的观察基线HIV-1 RNA > 50万copies/mL的HIV-1感染者，在高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy，HAART）前后外周血totalHIV-1 DNA的变化。方法从国家十二五科技重大专项课题中选取基线HIV-1 RNA > 50万copies/mL且HAART 96周HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL的初治HIV-1感染者为试验组，年龄性别相当的基线HIV-1 RNA < 50万copies/mL的HIV-1感染者为对照组。检测两组患者基线和HAART 24、48、96周时total HIV-1 DNA水平。结果基线及HAART 96周，试验组total HIV-1 DNA均高于对照组3.48（3.21~3.80）lg copies/106 PBMCsvs 2.90（2.54~3.30）lg copies /106 PBMCs（p<0.001），2.82（2.38~2.96）lgcopies/106 PBMCs vs 2.37（1.99~2.65） lg copies /106 PBMCs（p=0.001）。HAART 24周、48周，试验组detal HIV-1 DNA较对照组高0.67（0.41~1.03）lg copies/106 PBMCs vs 0.39（0.09~0.73）lg copies/106 PBMCs（P<0.001）, 0.8（0.46~1.16）lg copies/106 PBMCs vs 0.43（0.04~0.63）lg copies/106 PBMCs（P<0.001）。且HAART前后total HIV-1 DNA水平均与基线病载正相关。结论基线极高病载患者HAART 96周内存在较高total HIV DNA水平，建议选择强效HAART方案来有效降低储存库。

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简介：Themonkhasauspiciouspatternstattooedonhisforearms,followingafolkbeliefthatthetattoocouldchaseevilspiritsaway,andprotecthimfromcontractinganyincurabledisease.ThefaithisshakynowintheshadowofHIV/AIDSloomingaroundtheManchunmanTempleof1,400yearsold,wherethe24-year-oldDuSuwasordained14yearsago."Yourmonkerydoesn’tnecessarilyimmunizeyoufromit(AIDS).Really,nothingcankeepthatevilawayunlessyouliveahealthylife—nodrugabuse,nounsafesex,"saystheyoungmonkshyly,glancingathistattooedrightwrist.Hebecameawareofthedreadfuldiseasewhenitclaimedthelifeofthevoungerbrotherofhismaster,asenior

简介：患者男，23岁。主诉：肛周潮湿、里急后重感1周。现病史：患者自诉近一周肛周常有轻度瘙痒，肛周不适并伴里急后重，有潮湿感，纸巾揩拭后纸巾间有黄色分泌物。每天大便3～4次。患者自述为同性恋，近3个月与多个性伴有多次无保护肛交及口交史。

简介：Objective:TomakeasummaryofthetrendsofHIV/AIDSepidemicandrouteoftransmissioninShenzhenfrom1992to2000toprovidescientificevidenceforthepolicy-makertoformulatestrategiesofHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolinShenzhen.Method:ToanalyzeHIV/AIDSsurveillancedatainShenzhenfrom1992to2000bysoftwareEpi-Info.Results:OnehundredandtwoHIVpositivecasesincluding18AIDScases(threecasesdeceased)wereidentifiedinShenzhenfrom1992to2000.Amongthe102cases,thoseinfectedviasexwere46.0%,intravenousdruguse42.9%.Blooddonation7.8%,bloodtransfusionrecipient3.9%,andindeterminate2%.Conclusion:InShenzhen,HIV/AIDSinfectionisspreadingandincreasingrapidly.EffectivepreventionmeasuresmustbetakentoreducetheHIVprevalenceassoonaspossible.

简介：1981年，首次发现艾滋病（AIDS），1983～1984年研究人员从艾滋病感染者体内成功分离出其病原体——人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）；在此基础上，第一种HIV抗体检测试剂于1985年在美国问世。在20年的时间里，HIv的检测技术有了长足的进展，推动着HIV的诊断试剂不断发展。回顾HIV检测方法发展的历程，不难看出，AIDS防治的需要是诊断试剂发展的动力；另一方面，对HIV感染和病毒学认识的不断深入以及分子生物学技术的进步也是HIV诊断试剂发展的前提和保证。

简介：摘要目的探讨HIV/AIDS患者伤口护理方法。方法总结了28例HIV/AIDS患者伤口护理体会，包括心理护理、消毒隔离、伤口护理、疼痛护理及职业暴露。结果28例患者均未出现机会性感染和严重术后并发症，无死亡病例。讨论综合性护理干预可降低HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染和医护人员职业暴露风险。

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简介：AbstractBackground:Human brucellosis is a neglected public health issue in China and reports of HIV-infected individuals complicated with brucellosis are rare. This report describes the case of an HIV-infected patient complicated with brucellosis. We want to raise awareness of clinical diagnosis of brucellosis among clinicians. Furthermore, we should be more concerned about cases with pyrexia of unknown origin, especially in non-epidemic areas of brucellosis in China.Case presentation:We encountered the case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected male with a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of approximately 300. On May 1, 2019, the patient had onset of non-specific caustic irregular fever with body temperature reaching 41.0 ℃. He was admitted to two medical institutions in Yunnan with pyrexia of unknown origin. Finally, on day 7 of hospitalization in the Public Health Clinical Medical Center in Chengdu City, he was diagnosed as having brucellosis infection based on blood culture results.Conclusions:This is the first reported case of brucellosis concomitant with HIV infection in China. Laboratories in infectious disease hospitals and category A level III hospitals in the southern provinces of China should be equipped with reagents for clinical diagnosis of brucellosis and to strengthen the awareness of brucellosis diagnosis in China. Secondly, in provinces with a high incidence of AIDS and brucellosis such as Xinjiang and Henan, it is recommended to implement a joint examination strategy to ensure the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this infection.

简介：现在有数百万人是HIV病毒携带者,而可能其中很大一部分人为了休闲、进修或做生意会到国外去。到国外去旅行使旅游者暴露于不寻常的感染,对HIV病毒携带者来说,由于细胞免疫及体液免疫功能差感染的危险性增加。活病毒疫苗的危险性较大,而许多疫苗所能发挥的作用微乎

简介：HIV职业暴露引起的职业感染,HIV暴露防护护士 ,护理人员直接或间接地与HIV艾滋病患者的血液和体液接触的机会很多

简介：将分数阶微积分(也就是任意实数或复数阶的微积分)的相关知识引进HIV模型中,对该分数阶HIV模型的稳定性进行了分析,得到了模型稳定性的充要条件。此外,利用NGM矩阵得到了模型基本再生数,基本再生数的研究可为疾病控制提供理论依据。

简介：自艾滋病广泛流行以来，结核病被认为是HIV感染者的最主要的机会性感染病症之一。HIV也逐渐成为导致结核进展的最主要危险因素。本文讨论了HIV对结核的症状、诊断和治疗的影响。